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線程異常

線程異常?

線程出現(xiàn)異常測(cè)試

任務(wù)類:Task.javapublic class Task implements Runnable {

private int i;

public Task(int i) {

this.i = i;

}

@Override

public void run() {

if (i == 5) {

//System.out.println("throw exception");

throw new IllegalArgumentException();

}

System.out.println(i);

}

}

如果i==5,將拋出一個(gè)異常

線程測(cè)試類:TaskTest.java

public class TestTask {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int i = 0;

while (true) {

if (i == 10) break;

try {

new Thread(new Task(i++)).start();

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("catch exception...");

}

}

}

}

通過使用try-catch,嘗試對(duì)拋出的異常進(jìn)行捕獲

測(cè)試結(jié)果

Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:64551', transport: 'socket'

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Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-1" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

at com.h2t.study.thread.Task.run(Task.java:21)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

異常沒有被捕獲,只是在控制臺(tái)打印了異常,并且不影響后續(xù)任務(wù)的執(zhí)行 emmmm這是為什么呢,捕獲不到異常就不知道程序出錯(cuò)了,到時(shí)候哪天有個(gè)任務(wù)不正常排查都排查不到,這樣是要不得的。看一下Thread這個(gè)類,有個(gè)叫dispatchUncaughtException的方法,作用如其名,分發(fā)未捕獲的異常,把這段代碼揪出來:Thread#dispatchUncaughtException

private void dispatchUncaughtException(Throwable e) {

getUncaughtExceptionHandler().uncaughtException(this, e);

}

find usage是找不到該方法在哪里調(diào)用的,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)方法只被JVM調(diào)用 Thread#getUncaughtExceptionHandler: 獲取UncaughtExceptionHandler接口實(shí)現(xiàn)類

public UncaughtExceptionHandler getUncaughtExceptionHandler() {

return uncaughtExceptionHandler != null ?

uncaughtExceptionHandler : group;

}

UncaughtExceptionHandler是Thread中定義的接口,在Thread類中uncaughtExceptionHandler默認(rèn)是null,因此該方法將返回group,即實(shí)現(xiàn)了UncaughtExceptionHandler接口的ThreadGroup類 UncaughtExceptionHandler#uncaughtException: ThreadGroup類的uncaughtException方法實(shí)現(xiàn)

public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {

if (parent != null) {

parent.uncaughtException(t, e);

} else {

Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler ueh =

Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();

if (ueh != null) {

ueh.uncaughtException(t, e);

} else if (!(e instanceof ThreadDeath)) {

System.err.print("Exception in thread \""

+ t.getName() + "\" ");

e.printStackTrace(System.err);

}

}

}

因?yàn)樵赥hread類中沒有對(duì)group【parent】和defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler【Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler】進(jìn)行賦值,因此將進(jìn)入最后一層條件,將異常打印到控制臺(tái)中,對(duì)異常不做任何處理。 整個(gè)異常處理器調(diào)用鏈如下:

首先判斷默認(rèn)異常處理器【defaultUncaughtExceptionHandler】是不是為null,在判斷線程組異常處理器【group】是不是為null,在判斷自定義異常處理器【uncaughtExceptionHandler】是不是為null,都為null則在控制臺(tái)打印異常

線程異常處理

分析了一下源碼就知道如果想對(duì)任務(wù)執(zhí)行過程中的異常進(jìn)行處理一個(gè)就是讓ThreadGroup不為null,另外一種思路就是讓UncaughtExceptionHandler類型的變量值不為null。

異常處理器:ExceptionHandler.java

private static class ExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {

@Override

public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {

System.out.println("異常捕獲到了:" + e);

}

}

設(shè)置默認(rèn)異常處理器

Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> System.out.println("異常捕獲到 了: " + e));

int i = 0;

while (true) {

if (i == 10) break;

Thread thread = new Thread(new Task(i++));

thread.start();

}

打印結(jié)果:

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異常捕獲到了:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

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通過設(shè)置默認(rèn)異常就不需要為每個(gè)線程都設(shè)置一次了

設(shè)置自定義異常處理器

Thread t = new Thread(new Task(i++));

t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new ExceptionHandler());

打印結(jié)果:

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異常捕獲到了:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

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設(shè)置線程組異常處理器

MyThreadGroup myThreadGroup = new MyThreadGroup("測(cè)試線程線程組");

Thread t = new Thread(myThreadGroup, new Task(i++))

自定義線程組:MyThreadGroup.java

private static class MyThreadGroup extends ThreadGroup {

public MyThreadGroup(String name) {

super(name);

}

@Override

public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {

System.out.println("捕獲到異常了:" + e);

}

}

打印結(jié)果:

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捕獲到異常了:java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

線程組異常捕獲處理器很適合為線程進(jìn)行分組處理的場(chǎng)景,每個(gè)分組出現(xiàn)異常的處理方式不相同 設(shè)置完異常處理器后異常都能被捕獲了,但是不知道為什么設(shè)置異常處理器后任務(wù)的執(zhí)行順序亂了,難道是因?yàn)闉槊總€(gè)線程設(shè)置異常處理器的時(shí)間不同【想不通】

線程池異常處理

一般應(yīng)用中線程都是通過線程池創(chuàng)建復(fù)用的,因此對(duì)線程池的異常處理就是為線程池工廠類【ThreadFactory實(shí)現(xiàn)類】生成的線程添加異常處理器

默認(rèn)異常處理器

Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new ExceptionHandler());

ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

es.execute(new Task(i++))

自定義異常處理器

ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,

0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,

new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());

threadPoolExecutor.setThreadFactory(new MyThreadFactory());

threadPoolExecutor.execute(new Task(i++));

自定義工廠類:

MyThreadFactory.java

private static class MyThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {

@Override

public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {

Thread t = new Thread();

//自定義UncaughtExceptionHandler

t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new ExceptionHandler());

return t;

}

}

設(shè)計(jì)原則,為什么要由線程自身進(jìn)行捕獲

來自JVM的設(shè)計(jì)理念"線程是獨(dú)立執(zhí)行的代碼片斷,線程的問題應(yīng)該由線程自己來解決,而不要委托到外部"。因此在Java中,線程方法的異常【即任務(wù)拋出的異常】,應(yīng)該在線程代碼邊界之內(nèi)處理掉,而不應(yīng)該在線程方法外面由其他線程處理

線程執(zhí)行Callable任務(wù)

前面介紹的是線程執(zhí)行Runnable類型任務(wù)的情況,眾所周知,還有一種有返回值的Callable任務(wù)類型 測(cè)試代碼:

TestTask.java

public class TestTask {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int i = 0;

while (true) {

if (i == 10) break;

FutureTask<Integer> task = new FutureTask<>(new CallableTask(i++));

Thread thread = new Thread(task);

thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new ExceptionHandler());

thread.start();

}

}

private static class ExceptionHandler implements Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler {

@Override

public void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e) {

System.out.println("異常捕獲到了:" + e);

}

}

}

打印結(jié)果:

Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:64936', transport: 'socket'

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觀察結(jié)果,異常沒有被捕獲,thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new ExceptionHandler())方法設(shè)置無效,emmmmm,這又是為什么呢,在問為什么就是十萬個(gè)為什么兒童了。查看FutureTask的run方法,F(xiàn)utureTask#run:

public void run() {

if (state != NEW

!UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,

null, Thread.currentThread()))

return;

try {

Callable<V> c = callable;

if (c != null && state == NEW) {

V result;

boolean ran;

try {

result = c.call();

ran = true;

} catch (Throwable ex) {

result = null;

ran = false;

setException(ex);

}

if (ran)

set(result);

}

} finally {

// runner must be non-null until state is settled to

// prevent concurrent calls to run()

runner = null;

// state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent

// leaked interrupts

int s = state;

if (s >= INTERRUPTING)

handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);

}

}

FutureTask#setException:

protected void setException(Throwable t) {

if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {

//將異常設(shè)置給outcome變量

outcome = t;

//設(shè)置任務(wù)的狀態(tài)為EXCEPTIONAL

UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, EXCEPTIONAL); // final state

finishCompletion();

}

}

看到catch這段代碼,當(dāng)執(zhí)行任務(wù)捕獲到異常的時(shí)候,會(huì)將任務(wù)的處理結(jié)果設(shè)置為null,并且調(diào)用setException方法對(duì)捕獲的異常進(jìn)行處理,因?yàn)閟etUncaughtExceptionHandler只對(duì)未捕獲的異常進(jìn)行處理,F(xiàn)utureTask已經(jīng)對(duì)異常進(jìn)行了捕獲處理,因此調(diào)用setUncaughtExceptionHandler捕獲異常無效 對(duì)任務(wù)的執(zhí)行結(jié)果調(diào)用get方法:

int i = 0;

while (true) {

if (i == 10) break;

FutureTask<Integer> task = new FutureTask<>(new CallableTask(i++));

Thread thread = new Thread(task);

thread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler(new ExceptionHandler());

thread.start();

//打印結(jié)果

try {

System.out.println(task.get());

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("異常被抓住了, e: " + e);

}

}

執(zhí)行結(jié)果將會(huì)將捕獲到的異常打印出來,執(zhí)行結(jié)果:

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異常被抓住了, e: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

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Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:50900', transport: 'socket'

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FutureTask#get:

public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

int s = state;

if (s <= COMPLETING)

//未完成等待任務(wù)執(zhí)行完成

s = awaitDone(false, 0L);

return report(s);

}

FutureTask#report:

private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {

Object x = outcome;

if (s == NORMAL)

return (V)x;

if (s >= CANCELLED)

throw new CancellationException();

throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);

}

outcome在setException方法中被設(shè)置為了異常,并且s為state的狀態(tài)最終8被設(shè)置為EXCEPTIONAL,因此方法將捕獲的任務(wù)拋出【new ExecutionException((Throwable)x)】

總結(jié):

Callable任務(wù)拋出的異常能在代碼中通過try-catch捕獲到,但是只有調(diào)用get方法后才能捕獲到

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java 委托,線程異常