象棋是中國傳統(tǒng)棋類益智游戲，有著悠久的歷史。象棋屬于二人對抗性游戲的一種，不僅用具簡單，趣味性強(qiáng)，而且還能鍛煉人的記憶，培養(yǎng)全局意識以及正確的競爭觀念，所以學(xué)習(xí)下象棋是一個非常不錯的選擇，那么如何學(xué)下象棋呢？
認(rèn)識象棋
學(xué)下象棋，第一步肯定是要了解象棋的組成和規(guī)則，這是學(xué)下象棋的基礎(chǔ)。
象棋組成
棋盤
象棋棋盤橫線縱線形成9*10=90個交點(diǎn)，這90個交點(diǎn)為可落子處。
一盤未開局的棋如下圖所示
棋子
帥（將）：帥（將）是棋中的首腦，是雙方竭力爭奪的目標(biāo)。它只能在九宮之內(nèi)活動，可上可下，可左可右，每次走動只能按豎線或橫線走動一格。帥與將不能在同一直線上直接對面，否則走方判負(fù)。
仕（士）：仕（士）是將（帥）的貼身保鏢，它也只能在九宮內(nèi)走動。它的行棋路徑只有九宮內(nèi)的四條斜線。
相（象）：相（象）的主要作用是防守，保護(hù)自己的帥（將）。它的走法是每次循對角線走兩格，俗稱“象飛田”。相（象）的活動范圍限于河界以內(nèi)的本方陣地，不能過河，且如果它走的田字中央有一個棋子，就不能走，俗稱“塞象眼”。
車：車在象棋中威力最大，無論橫線、豎線均可行走，只要無子阻攔，步數(shù)不受限制。因此，一車可以控制十七個點(diǎn)，故有“一車十子寒”之稱。
炮：炮在不吃子的時候，移動與車完全相同。當(dāng)吃子時，己方和對方的棋子中間必須間隔1個棋子（無論對方或己方棋子），炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋種。
馬：馬走動的方法是一直一斜，即先橫著或直著走一格，然后再斜著走一個對角線，俗稱“馬走日”。馬一次可走的選擇點(diǎn)可以達(dá)到四周的八個點(diǎn)，故有“八面威風(fēng)”之說。如果在要去的方向有別的棋子擋住，馬就無法走過去，俗稱“蹩馬腿”。
兵（卒）：兵（卒）在未過河前，只能向前一步步走，過河以后，除不能后退外，允許左右移動，但也只能一次一步，即使這樣，兵（卒）的威力也大大增強(qiáng)，故有“過河的卒子頂半個車”之說。
象棋術(shù)語
1、九宮：倆斜線連同周邊方格組成的區(qū)域。
2、將軍：一方子力去殺對方將或帥，迫使對方應(yīng)著。
3、當(dāng)頭炮：即將任意一炮平至中路，威脅對方九宮。這是一種常見的布局著法。由于將、帥行動限在“九宮”以內(nèi)，所以當(dāng)頭炮的控制威力很強(qiáng)，也叫中路炮。
4、屏風(fēng)馬：兩馬分立于九宮的兩側(cè)，形如“屏風(fēng)”以拱衛(wèi)京師。
5、單邊馬：一馬守中卒而另一馬跳邊，有左、右單邊馬布局的差別。
6、雙邊馬：倆馬一個跳九路，一個跳一路。
7、士角炮：平炮到九宮上倆點(diǎn)任意一點(diǎn)。
8、仙人指路：先行一方起著挺象肩兵（左右皆可），試探對方的應(yīng)著，就像“投石問路”一樣。
象棋規(guī)則
吃子
1、無論什么棋子，通常只要根據(jù)行棋規(guī)則能走到的部位有對方的棋子就能吃掉對方的棋子。
2、而唯一列外的是炮的吃棋方法，比較特殊，需要中間隔有旗子（無論是己方的還是對方的棋子）才能吃掉對方的棋子。
將死和困斃
1、一方的棋子攻擊對方的將（帥），并在下一步要把它吃掉，稱為照將，或簡稱將。照將不必聲明。
2、被照將的一方必須立即應(yīng)將，即用自己的著法去化解被將的狀態(tài)（而不能應(yīng)將不顧，而走其它的棋子）。
3、如果被照將而無法應(yīng)將，就算被將死（一方勝棋）。
4、輪到走棋的一方，無子可走，就算被困斃（無棋可走這方為輸棋）。
勝負(fù)判定
1、一方的一個棋子準(zhǔn)備吃掉對方的帥(將)，叫"將軍”(check)，若對方的帥(將)不能逃脫，也就是說無論如何"將軍”者在下一個回合都能吃掉對方的帥(將)，則為“將死”(checkmate)，吃掉對方帥(將)者判勝利。
2、如果輪到一方走，此時這方并沒有被“將軍”但其走無論任何一個棋子，另一方都能在下一個回合里吃掉他的帥(將)，則也判這方負(fù)。
3、如果輪到走棋的一方?jīng)]有任何能夠移動的棋子，那么也判這方負(fù)。
4、雙方均無能力"將死”對方時，判和。
行棋規(guī)則
對局時，由執(zhí)紅棋的一方先走，雙方輪流各走一著（雙方各走一著，稱為一個回合），直至分出勝、負(fù)、和，對局即算終了。
基本殺法
對面笑
對面笑的意思就是說，下棋時，乙方占據(jù)了九宮，九宮中有沒有其他的棋子可以掩護(hù)，這時候就可以利用將和帥不可以碰面這個原則，來控制中路，再利用車、炮、兵等在對方將/帥所居的肋道上縱向照將而取勝。
雙車挫
“雙車挫”就是利用兩輛車交替“將軍”，知道把對方的將或者帥殺死。“雙車挫”可以早對方的將領(lǐng)沒有其他多余的子或者沒有士象的保護(hù)的時候使用，迅猛無比。如果有士保護(hù)，則需要其它的配合來破掉士。這種殺法由于雙車要交替將軍，因此雙車不能在一條直線上。
三車鬧士
“雙車挫”的用法，在整個棋局面臨殘局的時候，乙方的兵卒已經(jīng)成功的進(jìn)入九宮，這時候如果攻擊對方的中士，又以雙車相配合，其攻擊力量相當(dāng)于三個車，故名三車鬧士。
海底撈月
在無法攻破對方正面防御時，借助帥(將)對中炮的控制力，把子力運(yùn)動到底線，在其帥(將)的背后發(fā)起攻擊而取勝的方法，稱為“海底撈月”，也叫“沉底月”、“海底炮”，是車、炮勝單車的殺法。
在車、炮勝單車的殘局中，車炮一方通常要占據(jù)中路，再用炮借車力在將(帥)底下將對方守護(hù)在肋線的車趕走，而后退車用對面笑殺法做成殺勢。
夾車炮
雙炮和車集中于一側(cè)，用車和雙炮交替將軍，其形式與雙車挫殺法相類似。這種殺法比較容易理解，關(guān)鍵是有的時候車炮不在—側(cè)也可以通過運(yùn)子構(gòu)成殺勢。
大膽穿心
又稱大刀剜心，就是車在其他子力的配合(主要是炮對對方象士的牽制)下強(qiáng)行殺對方中士，逼對方用底士去吃車，從而閃露出底線的空當(dāng)再用其他子作殺。若其不用底士吃車而是拐將，則同樣可將死。
鐵門閂
利用中炮的威力控制中路，再用車封住將門后用其他子配合底線強(qiáng)行將殺。如果對方有一車守底線，攻擊方有兩只重疊的車再加上將(帥)之力，也可破敵，稱為“露將三把手”或“連將三出車”。有時候也用兵來代替車控制將門。
千里照面
利用中炮和雙車的威力，在有底士的一側(cè)要?dú)ⅲ贄壾嚉⒌资咳缓筌囌嬲諏⒊蓺ⅰ＿@種殺法要注意的是對方中路是士象可用此殺法，但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用，因為黑方可獻(xiàn)中炮解殺。
雙車?yán)呤?/p>
一方以雙車侵入對方九宮兩肋后，棄車強(qiáng)行構(gòu)成殺局，在實(shí)戰(zhàn)對局中較為常見。
炮輾丹砂
以車炮侵入對方底線，借助車的力量輾轉(zhuǎn)掃蕩對方的士象或其他子力，從而將死對方，這種殺法稱為炮輾丹砂殺法，俗稱“打剝皮”。
悶殺
一方通過將、要?dú)⒒驐壸拥裙羰侄卧斐蓪Ψ阶恿ψ远聦?帥)活動空間而一舉將死對方的殺法。利用對方雙士不適當(dāng)?shù)穆?lián)結(jié)，自阻將(帥)的活動范圍，用一炮將對方將(帥)殺死在原位，習(xí)慣稱為“悶宮”。悶宮可以看作是悶殺的一種特殊形式。
重炮
重炮殺法指—方將雙炮重疊于一條線上，一炮充當(dāng)炮架，另一炮將軍，或前炮將軍后炮控制，將對方殺死。俗語說：重炮無墊子，就是指這種殺法所具有的威力。
前面所講的夾車炮殺法，雙炮在一條線上也是一種重炮殺法。兩者的區(qū)別就在于夾車炮殺法是以車和雙炮交替將軍而把對方殺死，而重炮殺法是把對方將(帥)固定于一條直線上用雙炮將死。
天地炮
天地炮殺法指攻擊的一方一炮鎮(zhèn)在中路，一炮沉在底線，使對方的防守力量都被牽制住，然后用其他子力配合而將對方將死的殺法。這種攻殺方法以車配合雙炮攻擊最為常見，也是威力最大的殺法之一，包括車到底線、出將再車殺中士這兩種殺法。
雙將
雙將指攻擊的一方把自己的幾個子組合起來，同時從兩個方向照將，從而殺死對方。這種殺法是象棋殺法中比較兇悍的一種，初學(xué)者由于對一些殺法或者各子的攻殺能力還理解得不夠深刻，經(jīng)常一時不防被殺。如果掌握了一些雙殺的基本形勢，就可以防止被雙殺，同時還可以此雙殺對手。
二鬼拍門
二鬼拍門殺法指攻擊的一方使雙兵(卒)侵入對方的九宮后分別鎖住兩條肋道，然后再配合其他子力搏士而獲勝的殺法，也稱二鬼把門。因兵(卒)有小鬼之稱，故而得名。三兵勝士象全最后就是用二鬼拍門的殺法取勝的。這個殺法用的較少。
送佛歸殿
送佛歸殿殺法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步將軍，把對方的將(帥)遏回原位而取勝的殺法。有的棋書稱此殺法為“三進(jìn)兵”，但遠(yuǎn)沒有“送佛歸殿”這——名稱形象。
三子歸邊
集中三個不同子力于對方側(cè)翼。聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)而將對方殺死，稱為三于歸邊殺法。三子以車、馬、炮三子歸邊比較常見，威力也最大。
馬后炮
馬后炮殺法指攻擊的一方先用馬控制住將(帥)的活動范圍，再以馬為炮架，用炮殺死對方。這種殺法在象棋實(shí)戰(zhàn)中是最為常用的一種殺法。
雙馬飲泉
雙馬飲泉?dú)⒎ㄊ侵赣靡获R控制將門，另一馬臥槽，然后雙馬互借威力，盤旋攻擊而獲勝的方法，也是雙馬勝士象的最基本方法。
掛角馬
掛角馬指攻擊一方借助車、炮、將(帥)等子力牽制對方中士的活動，然后用馬在士角位置將軍，使對方將(帥)不安于位，然后運(yùn)用其他子力把對方將死。
雙車錯殺
雙車錯殺的意思就是說，當(dāng)對弈雙方的將帥都暴露在對手面前的時候，我們可以利用車分占兩線前后照將的辦法，造成“雙車錯”的殺勢。
臥槽馬殺
所謂的“臥槽馬殺”，就是將棋盤上的馬跳到對方棋局下的下二路橫線，在三、七路的豎線交叉的那個點(diǎn)上，將軍，這時如有車、炮或其它棋子配合，可成臥槽馬殺勢。
掛角馬殺
在下象棋的過程中，利用炮或者車或者帥鎮(zhèn)中的力量，用它們來牽制對方棋局中的中士的活動，削弱其防御作用，然后用馬到對方士角掛角將軍，把對方將死的殺法，稱掛角馬殺。
八角馬殺
馬與對方的將、帥成田字對角的位置，把對方將帥困住，這樣的馬叫“八角馬”。這時如有車、兵或其他棋子從縱向或橫向照將，可成殺勢。
先學(xué)殘局
殘局是決定勝負(fù)的最后階段，學(xué)會殘局就會懂得哪種局勢可以取勝，怎樣勝法。哪種局勢可以成和，怎樣和法。就不致于在可勝的局勢下，錯過取勝的機(jī)會，而遇到自己處于劣勢時，運(yùn)用技巧，創(chuàng)造條件達(dá)到求和目的。殘局棋子較少，可動的棋子選擇性不大，有時要動的棋子甚至帶有強(qiáng)迫性。對初學(xué)者來說，就更容易集中精力去思考。初學(xué)者下棋一般沒有什么計劃，更談不上戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)，只是走到哪里算哪里，到了殘局階段，意味著一盤棋馬上就要結(jié)束了。這個階段決定一盤棋的勝負(fù)，往往都有一定的基本殺法。這對于初學(xué)者來說比較容易掌握。
學(xué)習(xí)基本殺法
最基本的殺法只有大概20多種。比如馬后炮、雙車錯、釣魚馬、大刀剜心等。這是為了告訴你走到什么樣就能殺死對方。學(xué)好了基本殺法，運(yùn)用熟練，對殘局和中局都很有幫助。
學(xué)習(xí)殘局基本結(jié)論
學(xué)習(xí)的時候一定要明白哪些殘局的結(jié)果是什么。哪些殘局是必勝的，哪些殘局是必和的，哪些一般是必勝，但有巧和的，哪些一般是和棋，但有巧勝手段的。除了知道這些結(jié)論還要知道怎么走，才能取勝，或者和棋。
學(xué)會運(yùn)子
這個主要針對的是中殘局過渡階段。比如拿到一個殘局，知道如何把自己沒有過河的兵，通過子力的配合運(yùn)過河。充分深入的了解馬炮怎樣配合，大子和兵卒怎樣配合。這一點(diǎn)學(xué)好了，你就成為高手了。你會感悟到士象的防守有哪些弱點(diǎn)，怎樣防守最強(qiáng)硬，怎樣針對對方的問題進(jìn)行攻擊。當(dāng)然，這需要很長的路，下好多年棋，經(jīng)常總結(jié)才能有進(jìn)步。研究棋譜的話，最好在有一定基礎(chǔ)之后再看。一些江湖殘局適合玩樂，真的學(xué)習(xí)的話還要進(jìn)行歸類總結(jié)，這樣才能進(jìn)步更快。
布局常識
布局三原則
1、有利于進(jìn)攻
2、有利于防守
3、有利于大子出動
在布局階段，行棋走子只要符合布局三原則中的一條，即為可行之著，如能符合兩條或三條，則可稱上佳之手了。但行棋如違背三原則，就是壞棋，應(yīng)給予摒棄。
布局三禁忌
車遲開
在象棋的子力中，車的威力最大，有“一車士子寒”之說，作為主力軍，應(yīng)該盡早開出投入戰(zhàn)斗。如果遲遲不動，則對局勢不利。
馬躁進(jìn)
馬雖八面威風(fēng)，但也有致命弱點(diǎn)，在布局階段，由于子力較多，馬的行進(jìn)道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能與其它棋子配合，而貿(mào)然沖入敵陣“孤馬出群”，則易為對方所算。
炮輕發(fā)
炮具備遠(yuǎn)程戰(zhàn)斗力，如果在布局階段貪小利而輕易發(fā)出，則減弱控制效果，貌進(jìn)實(shí)退，反不及遙控威懾效率高。
步數(shù)的計算
在布局階段，如果己方走動步數(shù)較多的棋子與對方走動步數(shù)較少的棋子兌換掉，則會在步數(shù)上有所虧欠，對以后的棋局發(fā)展有不利的影響，因此要加以避免。
中局戰(zhàn)略
抽吃戰(zhàn)術(shù)
抽吃：走動一子后一面照將一面要捉吃對方棋子。對方為了應(yīng)將，不得不放棄被抽的棋子，蒙受子力損失，這種戰(zhàn)術(shù)手段叫抽吃。
頓挫戰(zhàn)術(shù)
走子過程中不急于把子力直接運(yùn)到目的地，而是先運(yùn)到另外一個位置，待對方某子因此而被迫走到一個不利地位以后，再將其運(yùn)至目的地的手段，稱之為頓挫戰(zhàn)術(shù)。
攔截戰(zhàn)術(shù)
攔截指在進(jìn)攻時以襲擊的手段，擾亂對方防衛(wèi)；或在防守時，以運(yùn)子等于段，切斷對方子力聯(lián)系的戰(zhàn)術(shù)稱為攔截戰(zhàn)術(shù)。
牽制戰(zhàn)術(shù)
通過用自己的子力來限制對方某些子力的活動自由以達(dá)到得子、擴(kuò)先等一定作戰(zhàn)目的的手段，稱之為牽制戰(zhàn)術(shù)。
閃擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)
所謂閃擊就是，處在前方的棋子突然閃開而露出后方棋子，后方棋子得以攻擊對手。
串打戰(zhàn)術(shù)
串打是謀子戰(zhàn)術(shù)中常用的一種方法。它是用車、炮兩種直線活動的射程較長的子力，牽制對方兩到三個子，再調(diào)動其他子發(fā)動謀子攻擊，對方往往很難避免失子。
捉雙戰(zhàn)術(shù)
捉雙是象棋中殘局里較為常見的謀子手段，它包括一子同時攻擊對方兩子，兩子分捉對方兩子等形式。由于它的戰(zhàn)術(shù)目的非常明顯，等對方發(fā)現(xiàn)被捉雙，要想不失子已經(jīng)晚矣。
運(yùn)子取勢戰(zhàn)術(shù)
一方運(yùn)用各種子力奪取主動而占得先手或優(yōu)勢，進(jìn)而為謀子或制勝創(chuàng)造條件。在中局基本戰(zhàn)術(shù)中稱為“運(yùn)子取勢”。
兌子搶先戰(zhàn)術(shù)
“兌子搶先”，一般指通過相等子力的交換來實(shí)現(xiàn)先后手的轉(zhuǎn)換和形勢優(yōu)劣的轉(zhuǎn)化等，通常包括交換謀子、兌子捉雙、交換賺象、一車搏雙(馬炮或雙馬或雙炮)等手段。
先棄后取戰(zhàn)術(shù)
在對局中有計劃地舍棄一子后，通過戰(zhàn)術(shù)手段，或奪回一子、或取得攻勢，以得到補(bǔ)償，稱為“先棄后取”，是中局階段基本戰(zhàn)術(shù)之一。
棄子攻殺戰(zhàn)術(shù)
棄子攻殺，是在“寧失一子、不失一先”的戰(zhàn)略思想指導(dǎo)下以子力換取先手攻勢的一種戰(zhàn)術(shù)。
規(guī)則戰(zhàn)術(shù)
在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中有意識地走成循環(huán)著法以得到于己有利的裁決手段，稱之為規(guī)則戰(zhàn)術(shù)。
殘局戰(zhàn)略
就全局而論，布局屬于戰(zhàn)略性的，殘局屬于戰(zhàn)術(shù)性的。與中局不同的是，進(jìn)入殘局很難速戰(zhàn)速勝，所以必須有個總的方針指導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)術(shù)。
優(yōu)則圖勝、劣則謀和
“優(yōu)則圖勝，劣則謀和”，在以全部子力投入規(guī)模較大，變化較多，斗爭較激烈的中局中，遂然作出這樣的決定是缺乏結(jié)束戰(zhàn)斗的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的。到中殘交界由之而進(jìn)入殘局的階段，子力既較少，例勝例和的定式又將依次出現(xiàn)，戰(zhàn)斗的性質(zhì)已臨近結(jié)束階段，“優(yōu)則圖勝，劣則謀和”的戰(zhàn)略決定，不但成為可能的，而且成為迫切需要的了。所以方針上決定了“優(yōu)則圖勝”，需要攻不忘守，戒驕戒躁，穩(wěn)步鞏固優(yōu)勢；決定了“劣則謀和”，又應(yīng)不屈不怯，奮力爭取上游。
均勢不敗，創(chuàng)造戰(zhàn)機(jī)。
戰(zhàn)略方針是依據(jù)實(shí)際形勢而決定的。事實(shí)上優(yōu)勢可能變?yōu)榱觿荩蔷鸵獜膱D勝轉(zhuǎn)為謀和；劣勢可能變?yōu)閮?yōu)勢，那就要從謀和轉(zhuǎn)為圖勝；均勢可能失掉平衡，那又要轉(zhuǎn)到“優(yōu)則圖勝，劣則謀和”的方針上來。總之，形勢變，方針也要變，這叫做戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)換（臨局去執(zhí)行“優(yōu)則圖勝”的方針時，往往形勢已走向不利了，仍然要堅持既定的方針，知進(jìn)而不知退，以致遭到反擊，勝負(fù)易位的情況是不少見的）。正因為形勢有隨時轉(zhuǎn)變的可能，特別在雙士（仕）、象（相）殘缺，將(帥）位置不很正常，兵（卒）肩負(fù)了影響戰(zhàn)斗的巨大任務(wù)，成為互相糾纏的局面之下，歧路較多，操算不易，一著或失，面目全非。均勢中創(chuàng)造戰(zhàn)機(jī)，切記要立足于不敗之地，因勢利用、謹(jǐn)慎從事。這是在掌握戰(zhàn)略上必須有的警覺和修養(yǎng)。
好的對戰(zhàn)心態(tài)
保持必勝氣勢
天下沒有一定贏的棋，只有一定能贏的氣魄和心態(tài)！為了勝利，就要下出必勝的氣勢，視野要開闊，計劃要周密，行棋要果斷，不要一味地惦記著眼前的得失，要機(jī)動、靈活、變通。
修身養(yǎng)性，切忌浮躁
有的棋手實(shí)戰(zhàn)時一盤棋下得順風(fēng)順?biāo)阌X得局面都已占優(yōu)，這時便愉快地哼著小曲、左顧右盼，在你注意力不集中的情況下，不是失去取勝良機(jī)就是出現(xiàn)昏招，形勢頓時翻盤。接下來絕大多數(shù)棋手會立即要求再來一盤以求“報仇”，但是接下來的對局心態(tài)已失去了平常心，于是連下連敗以致一敗涂地。
具備謀略心機(jī)
謀略是為創(chuàng)造有利條件而實(shí)行的全盤性行動的計劃和策略，也就是創(chuàng)造致勝條件。這需要長期的對弈、總結(jié)、打譜的積累。
1、真正的進(jìn)攻就要有收獲，就要使局面朝著有利于自己的方向發(fā)展，這叫做攻有所獲。
2、單純的防守不好，具有反擊的防守才真正具有威力，這叫做守中有攻。
3、勇敢的人不懼怕任何對手，敢于搏殺，這叫做勇者無畏。
4、在面對可能出現(xiàn)兩種有利局面的時候，選擇最大程度有利于自己取得勝利的局面。在面對可能出現(xiàn)兩種不利局面的時候，選擇最小程度不利于自己的局面。特別注意局部服從全局的道理，這叫做利害選擇。
5、尋找出進(jìn)攻的機(jī)會和線路，熟練地運(yùn)用各種技戰(zhàn)術(shù)，使局面朝理想方向發(fā)展，這叫做捕捉戰(zhàn)機(jī)。
6、中局作戰(zhàn)過程中，要時常對當(dāng)前局面有清醒地認(rèn)識，該攻則攻，當(dāng)守則守，進(jìn)攻的線路，防守的要點(diǎn)，都在審局度勢的范圍之中。
7、多算勝，少算不勝。
8、善弈者攻心為上，攻城為下，心戰(zhàn)為上，兵戰(zhàn)為下。
9、以正合，以奇勝。
10、棋雖小道，棋品最尊。
11、棋品如人品，人品有高低之分，棋品有深淺之說。
12、勝固可喜，敗亦欣然。不怕輸棋，就怕不敢下，不怕被打倒，就怕起不來。
用心專注
失去注意力，這不是一個戰(zhàn)術(shù)或者戰(zhàn)略錯誤，而是一個致命的錯誤。保持專注考驗的是棋手的身體與心理兩個方面的能力。專業(yè)棋手與初學(xué)者之間的差別在于，一般經(jīng)驗豐富的專業(yè)棋手在整場比賽中都可以保持專注，并且在必要時，他可以計算所有變化并選擇正確的著法。而初學(xué)者則往往會失去注意力并且往往會犯錯誤。要解決這個問題，下棋時候慢一些，多下長時間的對局以訓(xùn)練保持注意力。
時刻關(guān)注自己將帥的安全！
初學(xué)者總是喜歡瘋狂地攻擊，經(jīng)常忘記了自己將帥的安全，從而結(jié)局總是悲傷的。請記住，在開始任何攻擊之前，你必須首先確保將帥的安全。請記住，對手的每一步都可能隱藏著威脅。要積極計算與思考，積極探究雙方可能的計劃。
不為外界干擾所動
象棋是個技藝的游戲，但是心理影響在對弈時起著非常重要的作用。現(xiàn)在比賽里對手為了給對手施加心理壓力，手段方法數(shù)不勝數(shù)。
避免受影響的方法是：
1、專注于棋盤，而不是對手本人。
2、總是按對手要走出最好的招法來想棋。
3、如果對手有任何影響你的行為，要冷靜思考應(yīng)對。
入門必備書籍
1、《象棋入門》，金盾出版社。推薦指數(shù)：強(qiáng)烈推薦。
2、《自出洞來無敵手》，推薦指數(shù)：強(qiáng)烈推薦。
3、《象棋指歸》，賈題韜著。高屋建瓴，文字優(yōu)美。
4、《橘中秘》《梅花譜》提高殘局最佳棋書。
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是中國傳統(tǒng)棋類益智游戲，有著悠久的歷史。象棋屬于二人對抗性游戲的一種，不僅用具簡單，趣味性強(qiáng)，而且還能鍛煉人的記憶，培養(yǎng)全局意識以及正確的競爭觀念，所以學(xué)習(xí)下象棋是一個非常不錯的選擇，那么如何學(xué)下象棋呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAw6GyQSUkiUK2fQGyCLfHb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"認(rèn)識象棋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMMm8QqUqwMYSCIK2wCNBQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"學(xué)下象棋，第一步肯定是要了解象棋的組成和規(guī)則，這是學(xué)下象棋的基礎(chǔ)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUI08WC0IkQ02kh6byCzAxR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋組成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnug2COggQAmQIENoXhOKJUg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKIkG26EsUeuuAuC2N86bh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋棋盤橫線縱線形成9*10=90個交點(diǎn)，這90個交點(diǎn)為可落子處。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuWIQeUEEQK2mkkZrzGnfd"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4dfd861f74be47478c2aa05b139fffbd","width":706},"text":"","id":"doxcnAiqG6oIei6yQOCm7VsJiYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUwIKcUGqEIEVqqZwogff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一盤未開局的棋如下圖所示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScaIUYwc2WeQQzgmG0DqEf"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盤","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e388de8af0a34e26a7fa287bee0a68e4","width":830},"text":"","id":"doxcn6QCKOuWaCEk8IxTRxrIGDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusqUmkyGQQOWWCgMINma1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"帥（將）：帥（將）是棋中的首腦，是雙方竭力爭奪的目標(biāo)。它只能在九宮之內(nèi)活動，可上可下，可左可右，每次走動只能按豎線或橫線走動一格。帥與將不能在同一直線上直接對面，否則走方判負(fù)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEG0sGOi2M2sSvFaeUJf0Bk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仕（士）：仕（士）是將（帥）的貼身保鏢，它也只能在九宮內(nèi)走動。它的行棋路徑只有九宮內(nèi)的四條斜線。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq86smoeqUqieIzKojBTZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相（象）：相（象）的主要作用是防守，保護(hù)自己的帥（將）。它的走法是每次循對角線走兩格，俗稱“象飛田”。相（象）的活動范圍限于河界以內(nèi)的本方陣地，不能過河，且如果它走的田字中央有一個棋子，就不能走，俗稱“塞象眼”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMI80Uw64kkMaUlEDQeXuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"車：車在象棋中威力最大，無論橫線、豎線均可行走，只要無子阻攔，步數(shù)不受限制。因此，一車可以控制十七個點(diǎn)，故有“一車十子寒”之稱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYACCwsiKegk9Wc0lI7YeR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮：炮在不吃子的時候，移動與車完全相同。當(dāng)吃子時，己方和對方的棋子中間必須間隔1個棋子（無論對方或己方棋子），炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMoqS2yo8YEUyYR7T5v6eGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"馬：馬走動的方法是一直一斜，即先橫著或直著走一格，然后再斜著走一個對角線，俗稱“馬走日”。馬一次可走的選擇點(diǎn)可以達(dá)到四周的八個點(diǎn)，故有“八面威風(fēng)”之說。如果在要去的方向有別的棋子擋住，馬就無法走過去，俗稱“蹩馬腿”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAmIy2S0koOKwBAvtCZpOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"兵（卒）：兵（卒）在未過河前，只能向前一步步走，過河以后，除不能后退外，允許左右移動，但也只能一次一步，即使這樣，兵（卒）的威力也大大增強(qiáng)，故有“過河的卒子頂半個車”之說。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qMCGY4ewYYg4sw1YW6Gvc"},,"attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4cd2917422344c2999808581b5a837d7","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcnSIEa0Cy6aAwYk5A1AmYZGc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋術(shù)語","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiyyoO6mMoAIaH3fw5646E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、九宮：倆斜線連同周邊方格組成的區(qū)域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSQwe4keYgIiSWn17SSUbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、將軍：一方子力去殺對方將或帥，迫使對方應(yīng)著。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMygICSK2ukISqtVFphBrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、當(dāng)頭炮：即將任意一炮平至中路，威脅對方九宮。這是一種常見的布局著法。由于將、帥行動限在“九宮”以內(nèi)，所以當(dāng)頭炮的控制威力很強(qiáng)，也叫中路炮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0iiUKs8ysUsOSM3nyChVcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、屏風(fēng)馬：兩馬分立于九宮的兩側(cè)，形如“屏風(fēng)”以拱衛(wèi)京師。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuu8oQASyqmasaNCD1TsoYt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、單邊馬：一馬守中卒而另一馬跳邊，有左、右單邊馬布局的差別。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIUS6giCqmWMwW4cHRkNdQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、雙邊馬：倆馬一個跳九路，一個跳一路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEEoqwS4sg2suKZbUGTHgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、士角炮：平炮到九宮上倆點(diǎn)任意一點(diǎn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQA6a6OCCgK8fLzqyhZNH9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、仙人指路：先行一方起著挺象肩兵（左右皆可），試探對方的應(yīng)著，就像“投石問路”一樣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0E8oUSuyIc62m0b6cWIGpd"},,"attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋術(shù)語","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74ade0935ed44c4b90b32bdc89a1e480","width":452},"tex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，其攻擊力量相當(dāng)于三個車，故名三車鬧士。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkceumsioQ6QSm62c1BMDCf"},,"attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三車鬧士","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9284924a094c47b6b9c9eb648ccafd62","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn822uKO4eAOCoQvOuy7ylph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"海底撈月","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcA0Wmio24I4CkG9maZwSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在無法攻破對方正面防御時，借助帥(將)對中炮的控制力，把子力運(yùn)動到底線，在其帥(將)的背后發(fā)起攻擊而取勝的方法，稱為“海底撈月”，也叫“沉底月”、“海底炮”，是車、炮勝單車的殺法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIMa4Mu0CMUKGhSouCa2kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在車、炮勝單車的殘局中，車炮一方通常要占據(jù)中路，再用炮借車力在將(帥)底下將對方守護(hù)在肋線的車趕走，而后退車用對面笑殺法做成殺勢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMKWOeoEM4GisXkW72eEye"},,"attrs":{"height":414,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"海底撈月","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c27433b275bb4bb3a14216b99ec66d16","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcn4woacqEgC6Ii4HgGnNe3Kh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"夾車炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOuEyAAwO6KykJT3F3AX0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙炮和車集中于一側(cè)，用車和雙炮交替將軍，其形式與雙車挫殺法相類似。這種殺法比較容易理解，關(guān)鍵是有的時候車炮不","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"側(cè)也可以通過運(yùn)子構(gòu)成殺勢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCcm8E6QWkQQQrGujOcr0c"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"夾車炮","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3f39193831d4674b8fa7db4db9754fa","width":875},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IIgmoGuc6g0wZD18LcLPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大膽穿心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uKSCcC2seKSisLa4naWae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"又稱大刀剜心，就是車在其他子力的配合(主要是炮對對方象士的牽制)下強(qiáng)行殺對方中士，逼對方用底士去吃車，從而閃露出底線的空當(dāng)再用其他子作殺。若其不用底士吃車而是拐將，則同樣可將死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4cGYmCi6iwgmYJxthFNMTg"},,"attrs":{"height":570,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"大膽穿心","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd9ffcf555fe4eeca708f3816b049dc8","width":518},"text":"","id":"doxcnYgys0CUWWYCoUXvtephYdd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鐵門閂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEuAScmKSiicOC80OyNF0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮的威力控制中路，再用車封住將門后用其他子配合底線強(qiáng)行將殺。如果對方有一車守底線，攻擊方有兩只重疊的車再加上將(帥)之力，也可破敵，稱為“露將三把手”或“連將三出車”。有時候也用兵來代替車控制將門。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmySQaSUcGIUc7Xp2Mhapd"},,"attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鐵門閂","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72ea52a0ae244572941b03e2cb9990bb","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnOOCG0weEeGiY6HKoIqPZ4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOKYQmauCeIkOaIhRgdT4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮和雙車的威力，在有底士的一側(cè)要?dú)ⅲ贄壾嚉⒌资咳缓筌囌嬲諏⒊蓺ⅰ＿@種殺法要注意的是對方中路是士象可用此殺法，但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用，因為黑方可獻(xiàn)中炮解殺。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOOqcKaGAiaGaqAxYxPcMe"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/597bc561860449099e68ce796e3b4322","width":779},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmkgqMMwuqs6YtpFR40MWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"雙車?yán)呤?#34;,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMS6ueiOO2wWCIZTWCt1Yoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方以雙車侵入對方九宮兩肋后，棄車強(qiáng)行構(gòu)成殺局，在實(shí)戰(zhàn)對局中較","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"為常見","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqGeeQgOU48W4u85gUVP4K"},,"attrs":{"height":706,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"雙車?yán)呤?#34;,"id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6aa7137c9834fbfaedf6bb629cf683c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnm0w60428uSoKqYDok0a09f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮輾丹砂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnisyewWSIEOSgmOfky9S6Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以車炮侵入對方底線，借助車的力量輾轉(zhuǎn)掃蕩對方的士象或其他子力，從而將死對方，這種殺法稱為炮輾丹砂殺法，俗稱“打剝皮”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIK2ea62WQCWUzDFWbwUXd"},,"attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炮輾丹砂","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/144da202e6f248e586bd809ddbd34ac3","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn6M2qEYc0QSOc9ezDp8jBwA"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"悶殺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsW0ycsyEiSMIecgh9Wc7zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方通過將、要?dú)⒒驐壸拥裙羰侄卧斐蓪Ψ阶恿ψ远聦?帥)活動空間而一舉將死對方的殺法。利用對方雙士不適當(dāng)?shù)穆?lián)結(jié)，自阻將(帥)的活動范圍，用一炮將對方將(帥)殺死在原位，習(xí)慣稱為“悶宮”。悶宮可以看作是悶殺的一種特殊形式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0QyIOea68Ew8cbgrxp2aMh"},,"attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"悶殺","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d4fc483a3fa465f9073cbb4647a1ca9","width":884},"text":"","id":"doxcnoWusyuKS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:"doxcna2yYEaeskOsU6ut0xWQxSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“兌子搶先”，一般指通過相等子力的交換來實(shí)現(xiàn)先后手的轉(zhuǎn)換和形勢優(yōu)劣的轉(zhuǎn)化等，通常包括交換謀子、兌子捉雙、交換賺象、一車搏雙(馬炮或雙馬或雙炮)等手段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0soiM4sq04sau2AyJJx8HD"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"先棄后取戰(zhàn)術(shù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniO0semYiumuqy2vf1Tcs2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在對局中有計劃地舍棄一子后，通過戰(zhàn)術(shù)手段，或奪回一子、或取得攻勢，以得到補(bǔ)償，稱為“先棄后取”，是中局階段基本戰(zhàn)術(shù)之一","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKyMkgEWsQ00YhhWoELXWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棄子攻殺戰(zhàn)術(shù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuGGmo2oY4C6SUTF7EedUEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"棄子攻殺，是在“寧失一子、不失一先”的戰(zhàn)略思想指導(dǎo)下以子力換取先手攻勢的一種戰(zhàn)術(shù)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnymY2yeqwqaoOlnpvvAFBzg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"規(guī)則戰(zhàn)術(shù)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIYuWcCgicK68OJXnUceHqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在實(shí)戰(zhàn)中有意識地走成循環(huán)著法以得到于己有利的裁決手段，稱之為規(guī)則戰(zhàn)術(shù)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIA0iM4kOeYcUu0tgzXzvIc"},,"attrs":{"height":512,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"規(guī)則戰(zhàn)術(shù)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d3655ea7cb5c43a298fdc410ede46093","width":512},"text":"","id":"doxcnG0KkmUqGOEisyoxHyx7ulg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"殘局戰(zhàn)略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGUUW4W4kaaECgZU33eWjQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就全局而論，布局屬于戰(zhàn)略性的，殘局屬于戰(zhàn)術(shù)性的。與中局不同的是，進(jìn)入殘局很難速戰(zhàn)速勝，所以必須有個總的方針指導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)術(shù)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIO8IioYO4eeC6wW8WhAcKf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"優(yōu)則圖勝、劣則謀和","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8cw6W6kwE6wmkuRr0yzxYE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“優(yōu)則圖勝，劣則謀和”，在以全部子力投入規(guī)模較大，變化較多，斗爭較激烈的中局中，遂然作出這樣的決定是缺乏結(jié)束戰(zhàn)斗的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的。到中殘交界由之而進(jìn)入殘局的階段，子力既較少，例勝例和的定式又將依次出現(xiàn)，戰(zhàn)斗的性質(zhì)已臨近結(jié)束階段，“優(yōu)則圖勝，劣則謀和”的戰(zhàn)略決定，不但成為可能的，而且成為迫切需要的了。所以方針上決定了“優(yōu)則圖勝”，需要攻不忘守，戒驕戒躁，穩(wěn)步鞏固優(yōu)勢；決定了“劣則謀和”，又應(yīng)不屈不怯，奮力爭取上游。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKciokaM2cgikaEuECE87Cc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"均勢不敗，創(chuàng)造戰(zhàn)機(jī)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuiAok6qywkUSqgZrL8JRSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"戰(zhàn)略方針是依據(jù)實(shí)際形勢而決定的。事實(shí)上優(yōu)勢可能變?yōu)榱觿荩蔷鸵獜膱D勝轉(zhuǎn)為謀和；劣勢可能變?yōu)閮?yōu)勢，那就要從謀和轉(zhuǎn)為圖勝；均勢可能失掉平衡，那又要轉(zhuǎn)到“優(yōu)則圖勝，劣則謀和”的方針上來。總之，形勢變，方針也要變，這叫做戰(zhàn)略轉(zhuǎn)換（臨局去執(zhí)行“優(yōu)則圖勝”的方針時，往往形勢已走向不利了，仍然要堅持既定的方針，知進(jìn)而不知退，以致遭到反擊，勝負(fù)易位的情況是不少見的）。正因為形勢有隨時轉(zhuǎn)變的可能，特別在雙士（仕）","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"、象（相）","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"殘缺，將(帥）位置不很正常，兵（卒）肩負(fù)了影響戰(zhàn)斗的巨大任務(wù)，成為互相糾纏的局面之下，歧路較多，操算不易，一著或失，面目全非。均勢中創(chuàng)造戰(zhàn)機(jī)，切記要立足于不敗之地，因勢利用、謹(jǐn)慎從事。這是在掌握戰(zhàn)略上必須有的警覺和修養(yǎng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGm2mS6QUq2IEs5K6JpgXcg"},,"attrs":{"height":238,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"均勢不敗，創(chuàng)造戰(zhàn)機(jī)。","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0428b7db82654e3d9adf9956f342ef10","width":406},"text":"","id":"doxcnwsAw8sCw4mAm0IUEJppxbc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的對戰(zhàn)心態(tài)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6mWaAU8YcGYEmIgWzOgDMc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保持必勝氣勢","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOaumAaiu6EGoK60TJz7xLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"天下沒有一定贏的棋，只有一定能贏的氣魄和心態(tài)！為了勝利，就要下出必勝的氣勢，視野要開闊，計劃要周密，行棋要果斷，不要一味地惦記著眼前的得失，要機(jī)動、靈活、變通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqIiA8o2cmsEwLXcJCsO7d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"修身養(yǎng)性，切忌浮躁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUSCqoc6gkIeG08DKkSR6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有的棋手實(shí)戰(zhàn)時一盤棋下得順風(fēng)順?biāo)阌X得局面都已占優(yōu)，這時便愉快地哼著小曲、左顧右盼，在你注意力不集中的情況下，不是失去取勝良機(jī)就是出現(xiàn)昏招，形勢頓時翻盤。接下來絕大多數(shù)棋手會立即要求再來一盤以求“報仇”，但是接下來的對局心態(tài)已失去了平常心，于是連下連敗以致一敗涂地。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyw0KgiKegoGGcdBRM1O1Eb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具備謀略心機(jī)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYoci2yeG66YKyzs1XVBze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"謀略是為創(chuàng)造有利條件而實(shí)行的全盤性行動的計劃和策略，也就是創(chuàng)造致勝條件。這需要長期的對弈、總結(jié)、打譜的積累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEwo868QIMKqGKYir9bILh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、真正的進(jìn)攻就要有收獲，就要使局面朝著有利于自己的方向發(fā)展，這叫做攻有所獲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8oYy0KiwoQsKybXkjLAVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、單純的防守不好，具有反擊的防守才真正具有威力，這叫做守中有攻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Swkgo8aMI8iaih5chojgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、勇敢的人不懼怕任何對手，敢于搏殺，這叫做勇者無畏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqC4QuaCk4g8MgnR52KuB8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在面對可能出現(xiàn)兩種有利局面的時候，選擇最大程度有利于自己取得勝利的局面。在面對可能出現(xiàn)兩種不利局面的時候，選擇最小程度不利于自己的局面。特別注意局部服從全局的道理，這叫做利害選擇。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguwqwMisqa66CxgvkAcu6B"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、尋找出進(jìn)攻的機(jī)會和線路，熟練地運(yùn)用各種技戰(zhàn)術(shù)，使局面朝理想方向發(fā)展，這叫做捕捉戰(zhàn)機(jī)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU6A6i0ggoQ4YmqnXSdxj5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、中局作戰(zhàn)過程中，要時常對當(dāng)前局面有清醒地認(rèn)識，該攻則攻，當(dāng)守則守，進(jìn)攻的線路，防守的要點(diǎn)，都在審局度勢的范圍之中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiecymq62SecG4YLvGYGQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、多算勝，少算不勝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqk4SCuqkii48TBGzS1eZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、善弈者攻心為上，攻城為下，心戰(zhàn)為上，兵戰(zhàn)為下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0mWaMI4E8wI22YAFsWdKA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、以正合，以奇勝。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwSc68EuscKc2f3PuBj0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、棋雖小道，棋品最尊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QGSe64AGwq6MbfzdHY5ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、棋品如人品，人品有高低之分，棋品有深淺之說。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoiMyaAGu8gmMExlZl46x7C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、勝固可喜，敗亦欣然。不怕輸棋，就怕不敢下，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不怕被打倒，就怕起不來。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqUuI0agCiGYkJV3pEqdTc"},,"attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具備謀略心機(jī)","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf31d79c29224c96842f2cb736f717ad","width":831},"text":"","id":"doxcnMCQqAi0mWq6eme5pDIxHAd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用心專注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyy6AOcGaQWSeWsJBCGzwye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"失去注意力，這不是一個戰(zhàn)術(shù)或者戰(zhàn)略錯誤，而是一個致命的錯誤。保持專注考驗的是棋手的身體與心理兩個方面的能力。專業(yè)棋手與初學(xué)者之間的差別在于，一般經(jīng)驗豐富的專業(yè)棋手在整場比賽中都可以保持專注，并且在必要時，他可以計算所有變化并選擇正確的著法。而初學(xué)者則往往會失去注意力并且往往會犯錯誤。要解決這個問題，下棋時候慢一些，多下長時間的對局以訓(xùn)練保持注意力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6yE8yKIi2gk4zkY8mzZlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"時刻關(guān)注自己將帥的安全！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0g8kAUCAmsAOaYOOkrJWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初學(xué)者總是喜歡瘋狂地攻擊，經(jīng)常忘記了自己將帥的安全，從而結(jié)局總是悲傷的。請記住，在開始任何攻擊之前，你必須首先確保將帥的安全。請記住，對手的每一步都可能隱藏著威脅。要積極計算與思考，積極探究雙方可能的計劃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4aYWyWIQMe2klLd73uXvh"},,"attrs":{"height":422,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"時刻關(guān)注自己將帥的安全！","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f7f2965dd6648688124fd7695abd976","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnWMkkwYocACu0gx2eLuP4dh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwUQaKg0koGaCGlbCEEhNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不為外界干擾所動","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOi82oMs8KUQoXz7crDiie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是個技藝的游戲，但是心理影響在對弈時起著非常重要的作用。現(xiàn)在比賽里對手為了給對手施加心理壓力，手段方法數(shù)不勝數(shù)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOEmIQ6Gw44CYfoIoNpJJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"避免受影響的方法是：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ygWkK0wACQSQtZnt848ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、專注于棋盤，而不是對手本人。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02YOwEw48K8lUApsAVgML"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、總是按對手要走出最好的招法來想棋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWkqeoye8uS2k5ogACsKPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果對手有任何影響你的行為，要冷靜思考應(yīng)對。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUE2UuuAYQca6xNHs2Pkjc"},,"attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"不為外界干擾所動","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d5d74c7015064a2fbe3614300a13f5f1","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnkw6MAOkw2GecqQLIgeEqqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入門必備書籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyUGECsYYImyqId71uxBgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《象棋入門》，金盾出版社。推薦指數(shù)：強(qiáng)烈推薦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSi0YIk4I6G28N2XuQlC5m3"},,"attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入門必備書籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15ea266394924f2d82ecc676a9078be1","width":345},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoCSgUy8kwEOCWYGvMca1y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《自出洞來無敵手》，推薦指數(shù)：強(qiáng)烈推薦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8YcmoOGOKkIv8xRWoakjS"},,"attrs":{"height":1175,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入門必備書籍","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68764a292c5d4595961ead4fc7cb56ca","width":792},"text":"","id":"doxcngGug0CqQyuk24QmhydNqfb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