我們知道，json是一種輕量級的數據交互的格式，大部分NO SQL數據庫的存儲都用JSON。MySQL從5.7開始支持JSON格式的數據存儲，并且新增了很多JSON相關函數。MySQL 8.0 又帶來了一個新的把JSON轉換為TABLE的函數JSON_TABLE，實現了JSON到表的轉換。

舉例一

我們看下簡單的例子：

簡單定義一個兩級JSON 對象

mysql> set @ytt='{"name":[{"a":"ytt","b":"action"}, {"a":"dble","b":"shard"},{"a":"mysql","b":"oracle"}]}';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

第一級：

mysql> select json_keys(@ytt);+-----------------+| json_keys(@ytt) |+-----------------+| ["name"] |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

第二級：

mysql> select json_keys(@ytt,'$.name[0]');+-----------------------------+| json_keys(@ytt,'$.name[0]') |+-----------------------------+| ["a", "b"] |+-----------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我們使用MySQL 8.0 的JSON_TABLE 來轉換 @ytt。

mysql> select * from json_table(@ytt,'$.name[*]' columns (f1 varchar(10) path '$.a', f2 varchar(10) path '$.b')) as tt;

+-------+--------+

f1 | f2

+-------+--------+

ytt | action

dble | shard

mysql | oracle

+-------+--------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

舉例二

再來一個復雜點的例子，用的是EXPLAIN 的JSON結果集。

JSON 串 @json_str1。

set @json_str1 = ' { "query_block": { "select_id": 1, "cost_info": { "query_cost": "1.00" }, "table": { "table_name": "bigtable", "access_type": "const", "possible_keys": [ "id" ], "key": "id", "used_key_parts": [ "id" ], "key_length": "8", "ref": [ "const" ], "rows_examined_per_scan": 1, "rows_produced_per_join": 1, "filtered": "100.00", "cost_info": { "read_cost": "0.00", "eval_cost": "0.20", "prefix_cost": "0.00", "data_read_per_join": "176" }, "used_columns": [ "id", "log_time", "str1", "str2" ] } }}';

第一級：

mysql> select json_keys(@json_str1) as 'first_object';+-----------------+| first_object |+-----------------+| ["query_block"] |+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

第二級：

mysql> select json_keys(@json_str1,'$.query_block') as 'second_object';+-------------------------------------+| second_object |+-------------------------------------+| ["table", "cost_info", "select_id"] |+-------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

第三級：

mysql> select json_keys(@json_str1,'$.query_block.table') as 'third_object'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************third_object: ["key","ref","filtered","cost_info","key_length","table_name","access_type","used_columns","possible_keys","used_key_parts","rows_examined_per_scan","rows_produced_per_join"]1 row in set (0.01 sec)

第四級：

mysql> select json_extract(@json_str1,'$.query_block.table.cost_info') as 'forth_object'\G*************************** 1. row ***************************forth_object: {"eval_cost":"0.20","read_cost":"0.00","prefix_cost":"0.00","data_read_per_join":"176"}1 row in set (0.00 sec)

那我們把這個JSON 串轉換為表。

SELECT * FROM JSON_TABLE(@json_str1,

"$.query_block"

COLUMNS(

rowid FOR ORDINALITY,

NESTED PATH '$.table'

COLUMNS (

a1_1 varchar(100) PATH '$.key',

a1_2 varchar(100) PATH '$.ref[0]',

a1_3 varchar(100) PATH '$.filtered',

nested path '$.cost_info'

columns (

a2_1 varchar(100) PATH '$.eval_cost' ,

a2_2 varchar(100) PATH '$.read_cost',

a2_3 varchar(100) PATH '$.prefix_cost',

a2_4 varchar(100) PATH '$.data_read_per_join'

),

a3 varchar(100) PATH '$.key_length',

a4 varchar(100) PATH '$.table_name',

a5 varchar(100) PATH '$.access_type',

a6 varchar(100) PATH '$.used_key_parts[0]',

a7 varchar(100) PATH '$.rows_examined_per_scan',

a8 varchar(100) PATH '$.rows_produced_per_join',

a9 varchar(100) PATH '$.key'

),

NESTED PATH '$.cost_info'

columns (

b1_1 varchar(100) path '$.query_cost'

),

c INT path "$.select_id"

)

) AS tt;

+-------+------+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+----------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

rowid | a1_1 | a1_2 | a1_3 | a2_1 | a2_2 | a2_3 | a2_4 | a3 | a4 | a5 | a6 | a7 | a8 | a9 | b1_1 | c

+-------+------+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+----------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

1 | id | const | 100.00 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 176 | 8 | bigtable | const | id | 1 | 1 | id | NULL | 1

1 | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 1.00 | 1

+-------+------+-------+--------+------+------+------+------+------+----------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

當然，JSON_table 函數還有其他的用法，我這里不一一列舉了，詳細的參考手冊。