英語se的發(fā)音規(guī)則?
當(dāng)se的前面是元音字母時,se通常讀/z/ ,如these,please,noise,phrase等se的前面是輔音字母時,se通常讀/s/,如horse,purse,tense等,但有少數(shù)單詞例外,如suitcase,purpose中的se都讀/s/。
字母s的讀音有/s/、/z/、/?/、/{/這幾種:
一、s在詞首時,除了sugar,sure以及sh組合發(fā)/?/以外,其余一般發(fā)/s/。
例:
surface/'s?:fis/,serve/s?:v/,seven/sevn/,six/siks/,some/s?m/,sign/sain/
比較:design/di'zain/
一般前綴,合成詞不影響其讀音。s仍讀成/s/。例:
unsafe/?n'seif/,unsatisfactory/?n??tis'f?k?t?t?ri/,roadside/'r?udsaid/,teaspoon/'ti:spu:n/,snowstorm/'sn?ust?:m/
二、兩個s在詞尾時讀作/s/。
例:
grass,glass,address,press,success,pass,miss,stress,across,swiss,puss,progress,process,kiss
三、詞尾s在u后讀作/s/。
例:
bus/b?s/,us/?s/,minus/'main?s/,abacus/'?bks/,plus/pl?s/,status/'steit?s/,virus/'vai?r?s/
四、在sis組合的弱讀中,兩個s都讀作/s/。
例:
emphasis/'emf?sis/,analysis?='nlsis/,thesis/'θ:sis/,crisis/'kraisis/
五、s在字母c前常讀作/s/。
例:
muscle/'m?sl/,discipline/'disiplin/,science/'sai?ns/
六、s在某些前后綴中讀作/s/。
1.在前綴mis-,dis-中,s讀作/s/。
例:
mismanage/?mis'm?niDN/,misjudge/?mis'DN?DN/, misbelieve/?misbi'l:v/,disorder/di's?:d?/,disobey/dis?'dei/
2.在后綴-sive,sity,-self,-some,-sy中,s讀作/s/。
例:
expensive/ik'spensiv/,intensive/in'tensiv/,decisive/di'saisiv/ yourself/j?:'self/,handsome/'h?ns?m/,troublesome/'tr?blsm/,tiresome/tai?s?m/,quarrelsome/'kw?r?ls?m/
七、s在清輔音前后常讀作/s/。
1.s在清輔音前常讀作/s/。
例:
honest/'?:nist/,newspaper/'nju:?speip/,task/ta:sk/,satisfy/'s?tisfai/,grasp/gra:sp/
2.s在清輔音后常讀作/s/。
例:
sportsman/'sp?:tsmn/,works/w?:ks/,stops/st?ps/,roofs/ru:fs/.
八、詞尾se在字母r,l,n后讀作/s/。 例:
horse/h?:s/,nurse/n?:s/,worse/w?:s/,course/k?:s/, universe/'ju:nivs/,pulse/p?ls/,else/els/,tense/tens/,sense/sens/