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oci連接oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

Oracle

OCI是Oracle公司開(kāi)發(fā)的一種操作系統(tǒng)類庫(kù)，可以在不同的平臺(tái)上連接Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。本文主要介紹如何使用OCI連接Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

在使用OCI連接Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之前，我們需要先了解OCI的一些基本概念和使用方法。OCI提供了一系列API函數(shù)，通過(guò)這些函數(shù)可以建立和管理與Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的連接，執(zhí)行SQL語(yǔ)句，處理結(jié)果集等操作。下面是一個(gè)使用OCI連接Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的示例代碼：

#include#includevoid checkerr(OCIError *err, sword status)
{
text errbuf[512];
sb4 errcode = 0;
if (status == OCI_SUCCESS)
return;
switch (status)
{
case OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO:
printf("Error - OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO\n");
break;
case OCI_NEED_DATA:
printf("Error - OCI_NEED_DATA\n");
break;
case OCI_NO_DATA:
printf("Error - OCI_NO_DATA\n");
break;
case OCI_ERROR:
OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)err, (ub4)1, (text *)NULL, &errcode, errbuf, 
(ub4)sizeof(errbuf), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
printf("Error - %s\n", errbuf);
break;
case OCI_INVALID_HANDLE:
printf("Error - OCI_INVALID_HANDLE\n");
break;
case OCI_STILL_EXECUTING:
printf("Error - OCI_STILL_EXECUTING\n");
break;
case OCI_CONTINUE:
printf("Error - OCI_CONTINUE\n");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
int main()
{
OCIEnv      *envhp;
OCIError    *errhp;
OCISvcCtx   *svchp;
OCIServer   *srvhp;
OCISession  *authp;
sword status;
OCIInitialize((ub4) OCI_OBJECT | OCI_THREADED, (dvoid *)0,
(dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, size_t)) 0,
(dvoid * (*)(dvoid *, dvoid *, size_t))0,
(void (*)(dvoid *, dvoid *)) 0 );
OCIEnvInit(&envhp, OCI_OBJECT);
OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&errhp, 
OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0);
OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&srvhp, 
OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0);
OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&svchp, 
OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0);
OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhp, (dvoid **)&authp, 
OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **) 0);
status = OCIServerAttach(srvhp, errhp, (text *)"");
checkerr(errhp, status);
OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)srvhp, 
(ub4) 0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER, errhp);
status = OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)authp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, 
(dvoid *)"username", (ub4) strlen("username"),
OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, errhp);
checkerr(errhp, status);
status = OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)authp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, 
(dvoid *)"password", (ub4) strlen("password"),
OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, errhp);
checkerr(errhp, status);
status = OCISessionBegin(svchp, errhp, authp, OCI_CRED_RDBMS,
OCI_DEFAULT);
checkerr(errhp, status);
OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)authp, 
(ub4) 0, OCI_ATTR_SESSION, errhp);
// 執(zhí)行SQL語(yǔ)句
status = OCISessionEnd(svchp, errhp, authp, OCI_DEFAULT);
checkerr(errhp, status);
status = OCIServerDetach(srvhp, errhp, OCI_DEFAULT);
checkerr(errhp, status);
OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)authp, OCI_HTYPE_SESSION);
OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)svchp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)srvhp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)errhp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)envhp, OCI_HTYPE_ENV);
return 0;
}

以上代碼中的幾個(gè)重要函數(shù)包括：

  • OCIInitialize: 初始化OCI環(huán)境
  • OCIEnvInit: 初始化OCI環(huán)境句柄
  • OCIHandleAlloc: 分配OCI句柄
  • OCIServerAttach: 連接Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
  • OCISessionBegin: 開(kāi)始會(huì)話
  • OCIAttrSet: 設(shè)置OCI屬性
  • OCISessionEnd: 結(jié)束會(huì)話
  • OCIServerDetach: 斷開(kāi)與Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的連接
  • OCIHandleFree: 釋放OCI句柄

通過(guò)這些函數(shù)的使用，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)與Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的連接和操作。

綜上所述，OCI是一種強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接庫(kù)，可以在不同平臺(tái)上連接Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，并提供豐富的API函數(shù)用于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的管理和操作。在使用OCI時(shí)，需要先了解一些基本概念和使用方法，然后根據(jù)具體的需求進(jìn)行編程。