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HTML 字符集


為了正確顯示 HTML 頁面,Web 瀏覽器必須知道要使用哪個字符集。

從 ASCII 到 UTF-8

ASCII 是第一個字符編碼標準。ASCII 定義了 128 種可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上使用的字符:數(shù)字(0-9)、英文字母(A-Z)和一些特殊字符,比如:! $ + - ( ) @ < >。

ISO-8859-1 是 HTML 4 的默認字符集。此字符集支持 256 個不同的字符代碼。HTML 4 同時支持 UTF-8。

ANSI(Windows-1252)是原始的 Windows 字符集。 ANSI 與 ISO-8859-1 相同,不同之處在于 ANSI 具有 32 個額外的字符。

HTML5 規(guī)范鼓勵 Web 開發(fā)人員使用 UTF-8 字符集,該字符集涵蓋了世界上幾乎所有的字符和符號!

HTML charset 屬性

為了正確顯示 HTML 頁面,Web 瀏覽器必須了解頁面中使用的字符集。

這在 ?<meta>? 標簽中指定:

<meta charset="UTF-8">

字符集之間的差異

下表展示了上述字符集之間的區(qū)別:

NumbASCIIANSI8859UTF-8Description
32space
33!!!!exclamation mark
34""""quotation mark
35####number sign
36$$$$dollar sign
37%%%%percent sign
38&&&&ampersand
39''''apostrophe
40((((left parenthesis
41))))right parenthesis
42****asterisk
43++++plus sign
44,,,,comma
45----hyphen-minus
46....full stop
47////solidus
480000digit zero
491111digit one
502222digit two
513333digit three
524444digit four
535555digit five
546666digit six
557777digit seven
568888digit eight
579999digit nine
58::::colon
59;;;;semicolon
60<<<<less-than sign
61====equals sign
62>>>>greater-than sign
63????question mark
64@@@@commercial at
65AAAALatin capital letter A
66BBBBLatin capital letter B
67CCCCLatin capital letter C
68DDDDLatin capital letter D
69EEEELatin capital letter E
70FFFFLatin capital letter F
71GGGGLatin capital letter G
72HHHHLatin capital letter H
73IIIILatin capital letter I
74JJJJLatin capital letter J
75KKKKLatin capital letter K
76LLLLLatin capital letter L
77MMMMLatin capital letter M
78NNNNLatin capital letter N
79OOOOLatin capital letter O
80PPPPLatin capital letter P
81QQQQLatin capital letter Q
82RRRRLatin capital letter R
83SSSSLatin capital letter S
84TTTTLatin capital letter T
85UUUULatin capital letter U
86VVVVLatin capital letter V
87WWWWLatin capital letter W
88XXXXLatin capital letter X
89YYYYLatin capital letter Y
90ZZZZLatin capital letter Z
91[[[[left square bracket
92\\\\reverse solidus
93]]]]right square bracket
94^^^^circumflex accent
95____low line
96````grave accent
97aaaaLatin small letter a
98bbbbLatin small letter b
99ccccLatin small letter c
100ddddLatin small letter d
101eeeeLatin small letter e
102ffffLatin small letter f
103ggggLatin small letter g
104hhhhLatin small letter h
105iiiiLatin small letter i
106jjjjLatin small letter j
107kkkkLatin small letter k
108llllLatin small letter l
109mmmmLatin small letter m
110nnnnLatin small letter n
111ooooLatin small letter o
112ppppLatin small letter p
113qqqqLatin small letter q
114rrrrLatin small letter r
115ssssLatin small letter s
116ttttLatin small letter t
117uuuuLatin small letter u
118vvvvLatin small letter v
119wwwwLatin small letter w
120xxxxLatin small letter x
121yyyyLatin small letter y
122zzzzLatin small letter z
123{{{{left curly bracket
124vertical line
125}}}}right curly bracket
126~~~~tilde
127DEL    
128   euro sign
129 ???NOT USED
130 ?  single low-9 quotation mark
131 ?  Latin small letter f with hook
132 ?  double low-9 quotation mark
133   horizontal ellipsis
134 ?  dagger
135 ?  double dagger
136 ?  modifier letter circumflex accent
137   per mille sign
138 ?  Latin capital letter S with caron
139 ?  single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140 ?  Latin capital ligature OE
141 ???NOT USED
142 ?  Latin capital letter Z with caron
143 ???NOT USED
144 ???NOT USED
145   left single quotation mark
146   right single quotation mark
147   left double quotation mark
148   right double quotation mark
149 ?  bullet
150   en dash
151   em dash
152 ?  small tilde
153 ?  trade mark sign
154 ?  Latin small letter s with caron
155 ?  single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156 ?  Latin small ligature oe
157 ???NOT USED
158 ?  Latin small letter z with caron
159 ?  Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160    no-break space
161 ???inverted exclamation mark
162 cent sign
163 pound sign
164 ¤¤¤currency sign
165 yen sign
166 |||broken bar
167 §§§section sign
168 ¨¨¨diaeresis
169 ???copyright sign
170 aaafeminine ordinal indicator
171 ???left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172 ???not sign
173 ---soft hyphen
174 ???registered sign
175 ˉˉˉmacron
176 °°°degree sign
177 ±±±plus-minus sign
178 222superscript two
179 333superscript three
180 acute accent
181 μμμmicro sign
182 ???pilcrow sign
183 ···middle dot
184 ???cedilla
185 111superscript one
186 ooomasculine ordinal indicator
187 ???right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188 ???vulgar fraction one quarter
189 ???vulgar fraction one half
190 ???vulgar fraction three quarters
191 ???inverted question mark
192 àààLatin capital letter A with grave
193 áááLatin capital letter A with acute
194 ???Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195 ???Latin capital letter A with tilde
196 ???Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197 ???Latin capital letter A with ring above
198 ???Latin capital letter AE
199 ???Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200 èèèLatin capital letter E with grave
201 éééLatin capital letter E with acute
202 êêêLatin capital letter E with circumflex
203 ???Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204 ìììLatin capital letter I with grave
205 íííLatin capital letter I with acute
206 ???Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207 ???Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208 DDDLatin capital letter Eth
209 ???Latin capital letter N with tilde
210 òòòLatin capital letter O with grave
211 óóóLatin capital letter O with acute
212 ???Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213 ???Latin capital letter O with tilde
214 ???Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215 ×××multiplication sign
216 ???Latin capital letter O with stroke
217 ùùùLatin capital letter U with grave
218 úúúLatin capital letter U with acute
219 ???Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220 üüüLatin capital letter U with diaeresis
221 YYYLatin capital letter Y with acute
222 TTTLatin capital letter Thorn
223 ???Latin small letter sharp s
224 àààLatin small letter a with grave
225 áááLatin small letter a with acute
226 aaaLatin small letter a with circumflex
227 ???Latin small letter a with tilde
228 ???Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229 ???Latin small letter a with ring above
230 ???Latin small letter ae
231 ???Latin small letter c with cedilla
232 èèèLatin small letter e with grave
233 éééLatin small letter e with acute
234 êêêLatin small letter e with circumflex
235 ???Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236 ìììLatin small letter i with grave
237 íííLatin small letter i with acute
238 ???Latin small letter i with circumflex
239 ???Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240 eeeLatin small letter eth
241 ???Latin small letter n with tilde
242 òòòLatin small letter o with grave
243 óóóLatin small letter o with acute
244 ???Latin small letter o with circumflex
245 ???Latin small letter o with tilde
246 ???Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247 ÷÷÷division sign
248 ???Latin small letter o with stroke
249 ùùùLatin small letter u with grave
250 úúúLatin small letter u with acute
251 ???Latin small letter with circumflex
252 üüüLatin small letter u with diaeresis
253 yyyLatin small letter y with acute
254 tttLatin small letter thorn
255 ???Latin small letter y with diaeresis

ASCII 字符集

ASCII 使用 0 到 31(以及 127)之間的值作為控制字符。

ASCII 使用 32 到 126 的值表示字母、數(shù)字和符號。

ASCII 不使用 128 到 255 之間的值。

ANSI 字符集 (Windows-1252)

對于 0 到 127 的值,ANSI 與 ASCII 相同。

ANSI 有一組專有的字符,其值從 128 到 159。

對于 160 到 255 的值,ANSI 與 UTF-8 相同。

ISO-8859-1 字符集

對于 0 到 127 的值,8859-1 與 ASCII 相同。

8859-1 不使用 128 到 159 之間的值。

對于從 160 到 255 的值,8859-1 與 UTF-8 相同。

UTF-8 字符集

對于 0 到 127 的值,UTF-8 與 ASCII 相同。

UTF-8 不使用 12 8到 159 之間的值。

對于 160 到 255 之間的值,UTF-8 與 ANSI 和 8859-1 相同。

UTF-8 從值 256 繼續(xù),包含超過 10000 個不同字符。

如需深入研究,請閱讀我們完整的 HTML 字符集參考手冊。

@charset CSS 規(guī)則

您可以使用 CSS @charset 規(guī)則來指定樣式表中使用的字符編碼:

實例

將樣式表的編碼設(shè)置為 Unicode UTF-8:

@charset "UTF-8";