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熱水器維修教程

錢諍諍2年前24瀏覽0評論

熱水器維修教程?

熱水器已成為生活中重要的一部分,給人們的生活帶來極大的方便。但由于元器件自然老化、操作者的熟練程度、工作環境和工作強度等諸多因素常引發各類故障。接下來就為大家介紹如何維修熱水器的問題。

電熱水器

工作原理

電熱水器具有結構簡單、價格低、熱效率高、無污染、使用方便等優點,使用壽命一般為15年左右,主要有貯水式和速熱式兩種。由于速熱式電熱水器功率高達3kW以上,且易漏電,很少有人問津;貯水式一般功率在1~2kW之間,安全方便,受到消費者喜愛。

一、貯水式電熱水器

貯水式電熱水器一般由箱體系統、制熱系統、控制系統和進出水系統四大部分組成。下面為部分國產名牌電熱水器的結構示意圖。

1、箱體系統

箱體系統由外殼、內膽、保溫層等構成,起到貯水保溫的作用。

(1)外殼

外殼是電熱水器的基本骨架,大部分部件都安裝或固定在上面,所用材料有塑料、彩板、冷軋板、噴粉等幾種。

(2)內膽

內膽既是盛水的容器,又是對外加熱的場所,其壽命決定于內膽的材料和制造工藝。常見內膽材料有鍍鋅鐵板、不銹鋼板和鋼板內涂搪瓷三種。

(3)陽級棒

貯水式電熱水器中的陽極棒是一根金屬鎂棒,主要用來保護金屬水箱不被腐蝕和阻止水垢的形成。

(4)保溫層

外殼與內膽之間的保溫層,起減少熱損失的作用,一般采用聚氨酯發泡、玻璃棉、石棉、纖維、氈和軟木等。為增強保溫效果,現多采用高密度聚氨酯發泡材料充填的新工藝,充填扎實,密封保溫性好,即使12h不通電,水溫也僅下降2℃左右。

(5)爐膛

爐膛用于安裝加熱體和限溫器,是由爐膛底盤、爐膛管、爐膛帽、溫控管、螺孔柱焊接而成。螺孔柱經鉆孔攻螺紋,用于安裝鎂棒。

2、制熱系統

電熱水器采用的電熱元件多采用管狀結構,為提高熱效率,直接放在水中加熱,形狀可根據內膽結構彎成U形或其他形狀,金屬護套管常見為不銹鋼管或銅管。電加熱管在通電后,其內部高電阻電熱合金絲發熱,通過金屬管內的絕緣填充料導熱至金屬套管,起加熱作用。

電加熱管使用時間一長,在電加熱管表面容易結污垢,不僅影響發熱效果,而且會產生漏電現象。為此海爾、小鴨、東寶等廠家,將熱水器部分產品的電熱元件改為高壓耐熱的陶瓷發熱器,如圖所示。間接加熱內膽中的水(通電后,首先預熱周圍的空氣,然后通過鋼板對水加熱),使水電分離,不僅無漏電之憂,且可超快速加熱。

3、控制系統

電熱水器的控制系統主要包括溫控器和漏電保護器。

(1)溫控器

電熱水器中使用的溫控器主要有雙金屬片溫控器、蒸氣壓力式溫控器和電子溫控器。

(2)漏電保護器

在電熱水器的漏電保護器中、將15mA確定為危險電流,超過這一數值時漏電保護器動作,正常的動作范圍為15~30mA。

海爾電熱水器選用的是進口漏電保護器,動作值為15mA,動作時間為0.1s。小鴨等品牌電熱水器電源線帶有先進的電子控制漏電保護插頭,其技術參數為:額定電壓220V(5OHz),額定電流10A,漏電動作范圍5~10mA,漏電動作時間≤50ms,最大分斷能力300A,最大負載功率2200W。

4、進、出水系統

進、出水系統由進、出水管,混合閥、安全閥和淋浴噴頭等組成。

(1)混合閥

混合閥的結構如圖所示。由圖可知,熱水器內膽出水管、混合閥、噴頭和大氣相通,不受混合閥冷、熱閥門控制膽內壓力,故稱為出口敞開式。

單獨打開右側紅點熱水旋閥,自來水經出水管、混合閥、噴頭流出,出熱水,出水壓力由熱水閥控制;單獨打開左側藍點冷水旋閥,自來水直接經混合閥由噴頭流出冷水,出水壓力由冷水閥控制。當同時打開冷熱水閥門時,冷水和熱水在混合閥出水口混合,適當調節冷熱水閥門大小,可得到所需水溫。

(2)安全閥

在自來水壓力突然增高或加熱水溫過熱,造成內膽壓力超過規定耐壓值時,安全閥會自動排壓,以保護內膽。在加熱過程中,安全閥會有緩慢的滴水現象,不是故障,是一種正常現象。

5、工作原理

貯水式電熱水器的加熱分單加熱器加熱和雙加熱器加熱兩種。前者,--般用在容積不太大的熱水器中;后者、往往用于容積較大的熱水器中。

二、速熱式電熱水器

快速熱水器一般在接通電源、開啟水閥后,僅需十幾秒就會有充足的熱水源源流出,因此也稱流動式或即熱式電熱水器。

1、基本結構

快速熱水器主要由外殼、內腔、電熱元件、壓力開關和溫度控制等部分組成。

2、工作原理

(1)腔體式

打開進水閥門,水流入腔體。當水充滿腔體后,在水壓和重力作用下,使橡皮膜下凹,從而帶動通過膜片中心的通水管子上端,使觸點閉合接通電源,這樣電阻絲通電發熱,被加熱的水沿通水管上開有的小孔流入管內,再經過蓮蓬頭噴射出來,供人們使用。當停止進水時,靠橡皮膜彈力恢復使觸頭斷開,從而切斷電源。

(2)水槽式

在未接通水源時,壓力開關處于常態(觸點斷開),微動開關s不動作,從而繼電器線圈不通電,這時整機不工作。接通水源后,因水壓升高,這時壓力開關觸點動作,繼電器KA吸合,主電路觸點閉合,指示燈HL點亮,這時只要將轉換開關(功率調節器)根據需要調節在適當位置,電熱元件即可工作,就會有熱水從蓮蓬頭中源源不斷流出。

常見故障分析

一、電熱水器檢修工藝

下面以海爾電熱水器為例,對電熱水器的檢修工藝過程介紹如下:

1、電源檢查

用萬用表交流電壓檔(~500V檔)測量插座零線和火線,零線和地線是否接通,若不通為正常;反之,則電源不能使用,應修復。

(萬用表使用方法圖解)

2、故障檢修程序

接通電源,可能出現兩種情況:指示燈亮或指示燈不亮。

(1)指示燈亮:待半小時左右,水溫升高10℃左右,說明熱水器正常;若水溫不升高,由燈亮可知,漏電保護器、超溫管均正常,故障在加熱器。斷電后,檢測加熱元件,若電阻為無窮大,應更換。

(2)指示燈不亮:若燈壞應更換;燈好時,應檢查溫控器、超溫管、加熱器和漏電保護器以確定故障所在。

①對可調溫型溫控器,用萬用表R×1檔測量,在關斷位置電阻為無窮大;在不同溫度控制點應有不同電阻值與之對應;溫控器在未動作時,觸點為閉合狀態,電阻近似為0,否則說明溫控器損壞,應更換。

(萬用表測量溫控器圖解)

②超溫管在正常狀態下,電阻為0,否則已損壞,應更換。

③用萬用表檢測加熱器,電阻約24~48Ω,若為無窮大時,應更換加熱元件。

④檢查漏電保護器,應將漏電保護器打到合閘位置,燈亮,水溫升高為正常;有時漏電保護器誤動作,應注意觀察,找出誤動作原因。

(漏電保護器“合閘”狀態)

若漏電保護器合不上閘,應用萬用表R×100檔依次檢測超溫管、溫控器和加熱器的對地電阻,表針指向∞位置為正常,表針指向0為漏電,找出漏電元件進行更換,若無漏電元件,說明漏電保護器已損壞,更換新的。

(漏電保護器“跳閘”狀態)

3、安全性能測試

(1)漏電測試:重新合閘,按“試驗”按鈕應跳閘,漏電保護器為正常,再“合閘”燈亮。若熱水器無漏電保護器,用萬用表電阻檔測量插頭的火線與地線、零線和地線,若指示為無窮大,說明無漏電現象。

(2)泄漏電流測試:泄漏電流不應超過規定的數值,海爾小海象為0.5mA/kW,大海象、金海象為0.3mA/kW,

(3)絕緣電阻用兆歐表測量應大于50MΩ。

(4)電源的接地端與電熱水器易觸及金屬部件之間的接地電阻應小于0.1Ω。

安全性能測試合格后,才能按工藝要求將電熱水器重新安裝好,投入使用。

二、電熱水器常見故障分析

1、出水不熱

(1)冷熱水調節不當:這是由于熱水閥開得太小,冷水閥開得太大造成的。應適當調節冷熱水閥的開度,使出水溫度適合使用。

(2)電源未接通:調整電源插頭或開關,使其接觸良好。若采用的是漏電保護插頭,應將其“復位按鈕”按下,排除以上故障若仍不能接通電源,應拆開電熱水器仔細檢查回路是否有導線脫落、斷開等情況,若有,應及時排除。

(3)電加熱器損壞:用萬用表電阻檔測量電熱元件電阻值,正常情況下,1kW電熱水器,電阻為49Ω左右;3kW,16Ω左右。功率不同的電熱水器,其電熱元件的阻值不同。若電阻為無窮大,說明電熱元件損壞,應予更換。

(4)溫控器損壞:當溫控器觸頭接觸不良或感溫體內感溫劑泄漏時,可引起溫控器不能正常工作。對于前者可拆開壓力式溫控器進行修復;對于后者只好更換新的壓力式溫控器。

2、出水溫度太高

(1)冷熱水調節不當:適當調節冷熱水閥的開度。

(2)溫控器旋鈕調節不當或觸點粘連:將溫控器旋鈕調至溫度較低處;對觸點粘連的,可將溫控器拆開,將粘連觸點分開,并對觸點進行研修、調整,經調整后,一般即可使用,必要時可進行更換。

(3)限溫器失靈:檢修限溫器。

3、漏水

(1)管道連接處漏水:對接口密封不好造成的漏水,應重新安裝接口;若屬自來水壓太高,應在自來水道上設置減壓閥。

(2)安全閥接口漏水:是由于安全閥松扣或密封不好造成的,應重新擰緊和密封。

4、出水帶電

(1)出水口接地失效:重新接好接地線,保證接地電阻小于0.1Ω。

(2)水中分布電流大:用細鋼絲編織成網,包在出水口上,并與接地線良好接觸。

(3)電熱元件絕緣損壞或失效:更換電熱元件,更換時要保持電氣接觸良好,有關密封部分不漏水。

(4)內部導線絕緣層損壞,搭接在外殼或內膽上:拆開電熱水器,檢查出導線絕緣層損壞的部分,進行更換。

5、進水困難

(1)臟堵:主要是由于自來水水質不好,雜質超量,堵住進水口的逆止閥。設有進水濾網的熱水器大都是濾網孔被堵。在確定水壓正常后,關閉自來水供水總閥,清理管路,沖出勝物或清洗濾網。

(2)汽堵:常見于密閉水箱貯水式電熱水器中。其特征是:熱水閥打開后,噴出大量水蒸氣,此時應將調溫器調到最小位置或切斷電源,先將蒸汽從熱水閥排出,然后打開冷水進水閥,使熱水器排水,降低水溫,再檢修溫控器;若熱水閥打開后,熱汽斷續流出,量很小,一般是臟堵造成的。此時應開大熱水閥和冷水進水閥,以降低水溫,待水溫降低后,檢查熱水閥是否臟堵,洗凈后冷水便會從熱水閥流出。

(3)供水壓力不正常:當供水管路因水壓下降,供水壓力低于貯水壓力,逆止閥不能被頂開,會造成進水困難。這種故障,待水壓正常后,故障即自行消失。

保養

使用一段時間后,應取下噴頭,按安裝方法進行沖洗。長期使用后,若升溫慢,應檢查電熱元件是否結垢,若結垢,可用去垢劑清除水垢。

若漏水,應更換相應的橡膠密封圈。

若加熱時蒸汽冒出,則表明恒溫器失效。或感溫頭脫出,應關閉電路,經檢查修復后再用。

加熱時因水的膨脹,噴頭有時會有少量熱水溢出,這屬正常現象,不必過分用力擰緊熱水閥,以免加速損壞密封圈。

自來水閥可使用不帶手輪的閥門或者安裝好后取下手輪,以防誤關此閥,導致水箱缺水而燒毀電熱絲。

燃氣熱水器

結構

目前,家用快速燃氣熱水器常見為壁掛式,適合淋浴使用,主要由水路系統、燃氣系統、熱交換系統、排煙系統和安全裝置五大部分組成。其結構示意圖如下所示。

(1)水路系統主要包括進水閥、水膜閥等,其中水膜閥是關鍵部件,起控制水氣聯動裝置的作用,當水源切斷后立即切斷燃氣;水閥是控制冷水進入熱水器流量大小的裝置,水閥燃燒器在同樣工作狀態下,流量大的,輸出熱水溫較低,反之則水溫升高。

(2)燃氣系統主要包括燃氣調節閥、水氣聯動閥、常明火、主燃燒器。其中主燃燒器是熱水器供熱的主要部件;水氣聯動閥是由水流的壓力差控制氣閥的開啟以防止空燒。燃氣調節閥可調節進入主燃燒器氣量,以達到調節水溫的目的。

(3)熱交換系統主要包括腔體、集熱片和彎管。

(4)排煙系統包括熱水器外殼、排氣煙管和排煙口等。燃燒后的煙氣,須經過排煙系統排出。

(5)安全裝置主要包括由熱電偶和電磁閥組成的熄火保護、缺氧保護、水氣聯動閥防止空燒、排水閥防止過水壓和凍裂。

下面重點介紹燃氣熱水器主要部件結構原理。

一、點火裝置

點火裝置的作用是點燃小火(常明火)并保持其燃燒。當按下點火按鈕時,小火管有燃氣流出,此時點火器工作,點燃旁邊的小火。燃氣熱水器的點火方式主要有壓電陶瓷點火和電脈沖點火兩種。

二、水氣聯動閥

水氣聯動閥是保證燃氣熱水器安全使用的重要部件,其主要作用是:當水壓足夠,水在熱交換器中流動時,燃氣才能進入主燃燒器進行燃燒;而當水流停止或壓力不足時,自動切斷燃氣供給,以防因缺水面燃壞熱水器。

三、燃燒器

1、常明火為點燃主燃燒器作準備,常明火有單獨的燃氣通路。同時常明火加熱熄火保護裝置中的熱電偶,使電磁閥開閉燃氣閥門。當由熱電偶或雙金屬片構成的熄火保護裝置一旦檢測到常明小火熄滅,熄火保護裝置將自動切斷氣源。

常明火點火管一般用銅管或不銹鋼制成,為保證燃燒的穩定,大多采用大氣式燃燒方式,即燃燒前預混一部分空氣,由于這種燃燒方式火焰短而穩定,用它加熱熱電偶或熱雙金屬片時,熱量集中,不易產生誤動作。

2、主燃燒器是燃氣熱水器提供熱源的主要部件,熱負荷較大,火力強而且集中,火焰高度實短不宜長,一般采用大氣式燃燒器來滿足要求,而且大多不設一次調節裝置。

四、熱交換器

燃氣熱水器的熱交換器主要有兩種類型,板管式和翅片管式。由不銹鋼或導熱性良好的紫銅片、紫銅管制成。

五、熄火保護裝置

熄火保護裝置的主要功能,是在燃氣熱水器的點火燃燒器(又稱常明火)因故熄火后,在數密封秒鐘后能自動動作,關閉燃氣閥門。有機械和電磁兩種結構形式,分別稱為雙金屬片和熱電偶熄火保護裝置。

六、缺氧保護裝置

此裝置上有兩只熱電偶,正向熱電偶與熄火安全裝置熱電偶基本相同(參數為:25℃內阻為(8.8±2)MΩ,700℃熱電勢20mV);反向熱電偶由兩根裸露電偶絲組成,材質與正向熱電偶相同,但它的工作溫度較低,氧化作用不很明顯,它的安裝位置是保證熱電偶正常工作的重要條件(參數為:25℃內阻18±2MΩ,700℃熱電勢6mV)。

在使用過程中,周圍環境氧氣含量不足或換熱器柵板阻塞時,會造成燃燒器不完全燃燒,這時燃燒器火焰拉長,火焰溫度降低,兩只熱電偶產生的電勢差較少,當環境氧氣含量低于18%時,此裝置動作,關閉燃氣氣路,避免造成二氧化碳中毒事故,此裝置使用壽命大于6000h,使用次數大于100000次。

七、防空燒(過熱)安全裝置

此裝置所用傳感器為正溫度系數的熱敏電阻。當燃氣熱水器出現空燒時,因熱敏電阻此時已呈“高阻”狀態,使通過電磁閥電流很小,在彈簧力作用下,鐵心與銜鐵分離,關閉燃氣氣路。

八、電磁閥

在燃氣熱水器安全裝置中,燃氣氣路的通、斷是由電磁閥控制的。

九、水溫調節裝置

調溫軸(水閥芯)的控制原理是通過調節水量增減,來達到調節水溫目的。例如,欲提高淋浴水溫時,將調溫軸調向“高溫”位置,實際上是關小水閥芯的開啟度,使進水量減少,則出口的溫度則會增加。

十、燃氣泄漏報警裝置

當燃氣熱水器或配套設備發生燃氣泄漏時,通過氣敏傳感器檢測出一定濃度的燃氣,發出聲光報警信號,提醒用戶排除故障或停止使用,避免造成火災或中毒事故。先進的泄漏報警裝置,在報警的同時自動開啟風機通風換氣,迅速排除室內燃氣,防止事故的發生和擴大。

工作原理

打開燃氣氣閥,燃氣進人閥門內,按動點火按鍵,點火微動開關、快速微動開關啟動,點火頭產生連續電火花,電磁閥線圈強行通人吸合電流,由氣閥桿推動,電磁閥被吸住,氣路打開,燃氣從點火燃燒器和長明火燃燒器流出,被點火器的連續火花點燃,經常明火火焰加熱的熄火保護裝置的熱電偶產生熱電勢,在強制吸合電流斷開時,保持電磁閥處于吸合狀態。點火鍵復位,并關閉與點火鍵連動的點火器閥門,此時點火器的火焰熄滅,僅保留常明火焰,這樣,燃氣到達水氣連動閥的氣閥前面。

打開水龍頭,冷水進入水氣連動閥的水閥內,經調溫旋鈕進入熱交換器,同時有一部分水從調溫旋鈕分流,進人混合管,因水氣連動閥內的膜片受水壓作用,推開水氣連動閥的氣閥。燃氣經燃氣調節閥、燃燒器調節旋鈕,從主燃燒器流出,被常明火點燃。流向熱交換器的水,被主燃燒器的火焰加熱成熱水,經混合水管的冷水混合,就可從供熱水龍頭流出適合使用的熱水。

當關閉出水口時,水氣連動閥內的壓差消失,從而關閉了水氣連動閥的氣閥,主燃燒器的火焰熄滅,熱水停止流出,按下熄火鍵,點火鍵復位,關閉主氣閥,常明火熄滅。此時熄火安全裝置的熱電偶的熱電勢下降,電磁閥關閉。

下圖為沈樂滿牌SR-5型后制式燃氣熱水器電氣原理圖,供參考。

故障檢修

一、常見故障分析

1、打不著火或打火困難

(1)剛打開氣源時,由于氣管內空氣尚未排空,短時間內難以打火,只要多打幾次,讓氣管內的空氣排空后,便能成功點火。

(2)噴嘴堵塞:在打火時有火星,而無法點燃火種,表明噴嘴有堵塞,此時只要將噴嘴進行清理即可。

(3)點火針破裂或松動:多數熱水器點火針絕緣體是用陶瓷制作的,若陶瓷破裂或點火針松動,就會造成沒有對著火種進行點火,打不著火。此時應更換點火針或對點火針進行調整位置。

(4)壓電陶瓷失效手動式熱水器一般是采用壓電陶瓷點火,若點火時無點火火花,通常是壓電陶瓷損壞造成的,應及時進行更換。

(5)水動式熱水器電磁閥損壞,點火時,有火星而點不著火,此時先檢查電磁閥接線是否良好,若未發現接線不良,應更換電磁閥。

(6)水動式熱水器點火時無火星此時按順序檢查電池是否有電或裝反,電池盒是否有接觸不良,微動開關是否損壞,電脈沖發生器和接線是否有故障。排除故障后即可點火。

2、中途燎火

(1)熱電偶與電磁閥接觸不良或失效:若在熱水器使用過程中,偶然中途熄火,說明熱電偶與電磁閥接觸不良,此時應緊固兩者的聯接螺母;當熱水器打火后,中途熄火的時間都較接近時,表明熱電偶已開始失效,應盡早更換。當熱水器每次中途熄火的時間不規則時,表明火種與熱電偶的位置不太準確,應調整。

(2)燃氣氣壓不穩定:適當調整氣源壓力或清洗火種噴嘴。

(3〉保護裝置動作:當直排式熱水器使用時間過長,且室內換氣較差時,或熱交換器(水箱)長期沒有清洗而造成嚴重積炭,保護裝置便會自動關閉氣源,導致熄火。對于前者,需打開門窗,使室內空氣流通,對于后者需定期(每年1~2次)清洗熱交換器。

(4)水動式熱水器離子感應針被污染:若每次使用時,都要打2~3次火,應對感應針進行清洗,若經清洗,還有同樣的問題出現,說明感應針的材質或電子點火器質量不良,應及時更換。

3、漏氣

漏氣主要是由于密封用的密封圈破損老化或配合不嚴造成的。

(1)進水接頭安裝不良而漏氣:重新安裝平面膠圈,上緊并緊固氣接頭。

(2)氣閥體上聯接面漏氣:更換密封膠圈。

(3)氣閥芯上的潤滑脂干而漏氣:清洗氣閥芯,重新均勻涂上潤滑脂(二硫化鉬),以確保氣閥芯不再漏氣。

4、漏水

(1)防凍排水閥經多次拆裝,密封膠圈裂損造成的漏水,應更換膠圈,并注意平日裝拆不應用力過大。

(2)水閥芯膠圈因長期使用磨損嚴重造成的漏水,只要更換膠圈便可正常使用。

(3)水閥頂軸膠圈處比較容易漏水,若是水動式熱水器,水會直接流到微動開關處造成打不著火,因此膠圈磨損,應及時更換。

(4)連接熱水器的冷、熱水軟管和淋浴器的漏水,較易發現,經簡單維修或更換便能使用。

(5)供水壓力過高,可更換高壓熱水器或在進水閥前加裝節流閥。

(6)熱水器“空燒”造成漏水。這時,關閉熱水器水閥時,主燃燒器不熄滅,造成“空燒”或回火,易燒化焊錫,嚴重時燒穿紫銅管,造成漏水,此故障應更換熱盤管。

5、產生紅火或冒黑煙

(1)燃燒器內存污物:將細鐵絲尖部彎曲,從引射口處插入燃燒器內,反復旋轉,進行清理。也可將燃燒器拆下來,用水沖澆。

(2)燃氣壓力不足:應設法提高其供氣壓力。另外,有時因天氣潮濕,也會產生紅火,待天氣好轉時又恢復正常。

(3)氣路不暢造成缺氧:清理氣路中的異物,并開機(換氣扇、排風扇、開窗等)通風。

6、出水溫度過低

(1)供氣壓力不足:這是造成出水溫度過低的主要原因,應調整減壓閥。若是管道燃氣,可通知供氣部門調整;若是熱水器流量大,使供氣管或煤氣表負荷滿足不了熱水器的耗氣量,應更換較大的煤氣表或更換流量較小的熱水器。

(2)噴嘴堵塞造成火焰變小:清理噴嘴。

(3)水閥橡膠膜有小的破裂:使水氣聯動閥門開度不足,造成燃燒火力不強,出水溫度過低。應更換橡膠膜。

(4)部分地區水壓較大,使水流經熱交換器時間較短,出水溫度過低,應適當調小水量。

7、火種留不住

(1)火種供氣管堵塞:當點燃火種時,手松開也不見火種,爾后能聽到電磁閥釋放聲,說明火種供氣管堵塞,對此可進行疏通。

(2)熱電偶或電磁閥損壞:檢查時,按下點火按鈕,不見火種,也聽不到電磁閥動作聲,說明熱電偶或電磁閥損壞。電磁閥的損壞一般是線圈斷路,可用萬用表檢查。若電阻為無窮大,對此可進行更換;對熱電偶應檢查連接導線有無斷路,再檢查熱電偶是否移位,并擦凈表面氧化物;最后檢查熱電偶是否失效,方法是:將熱電偶從固定夾中卸出懸空,用萬用表pA檔串入,用打火機給熱電偶加熱,15s后若電流很小(接近為0),說明熱電偶失效,應更換。

(3)熱電偶性能變差:點火按鈕松開后有火種,但不久會自動熄滅,是因熱電偶性能變差引起的,這時可將熱電偶調到最佳受熱位置,一般就可排除,必要時,更換熱電偶。

8、主燃燒器不能點燃

(1)水壓不足:引起水壓不足的原因,一是當地水壓不足,二是雜物堵塞水道。對于后者可清理過濾網內的雜質。

(2)主燃燒器的燃氣管道被堵塞:進行疏通。

(3)水氣聯動閥的隔膜室隔膜穿孔:隔膜穿孔后,無法推動頂桿打開主燃燒器的燃氣閥塞。修理時,拆開閥體,拆下膜片上的銅螺栓和墊片,更換同規格的新隔膜。

(4)水氣聯動閥的銅頂桿長期與水、燃氣接觸,造成氧化折斷:更換新配件,也可用不銹鋼材料按同樣規格制成頂桿進行更換。

(5)隔膜室螺釘松動:松動后,造成隔膜室漏水,水壓下降,頂桿無法打開燃氣閥塞,對此可緊固隔膜室螺釘。效果不好時,可拆開隔膜室,在接合面周圍涂上一層粘補膠,然后再緊固螺釘,干燥固化后即可使用。

(6)隔膜室中的壓差平衡彈簧折斷:更換新配件。

9、隨著“叭”的一聲響,全機熄滅

(1)點燃正常10s后出現聲響和熄滅﹑這多是熱電偶損壞造成的。檢查時,用氣體打火機燃燒熱電偶尖端,用萬用mV檔測量兩端電壓,正常為20mV左右,若為0,說明熱電偶損壞,應更換。

(2)正常使用10min后,出現聲響和熄滅,這多是缺氧造成的,應及時補充新鮮空氣。

10、關閉熱水閥后,主燃燒器熄火

(1)燃氣閥塞被水氣連動閥頂桿卡住,打開水氣連動閥,清理閥內頂桿表面的水銹,涂上潤滑油,重新裝好。

(2)壓差平衡器的眼孔被管道內異物堵塞拆開閥殼,疏通眼孔。

11、熱水水流不暢、水溫偏高

(1)水溫調節旋鈕使用不當:檢查水溫旋鈕是否置于需要的位置上,位置有誤時,應予糾正(溫度“最高”為水流最小,溫度“最低”為水流最大)。

(2)水溫調節失控:若是旋鈕錯位引起閥芯開度和指示溫度不一致,應及時調整,必要時更換滑牙的旋鈕;水溫控制閥閥桿和閥芯密封件老化損壞時,會引起水流不暢,應更換密封件。

12、炮火保護裝置失靈

(1)熱電偶的探頭和點火燃燒器的位置不當:調整時,可稍松一下固定熱電偶探頭的螺釘,將探頭移至點火燃燒溫度較高的位置,進行反復點火試驗,直至電磁閥吸合,再將緊固螺釘擰緊。

(2)熱電偶與電磁閥之間的連接螺母松動:將松動的螺母擰緊即可。

(3)熱電偶損壞:若熱電偶斷線或發生在熱點上的短路,一般是無法修復的,應進行更換。方法是:擰開與電磁閥連接的螺母,并松開探頭在點火燃燒器旁的螺釘,拆下熱電偶。更換新熱電偶時,先將它與電磁閥連接的螺母擰緊,再將偶線彎成需要的形狀.將探頭固定在點火燃燒器附近溫度較高的位置,裝好后進行點火試驗,確認電磁閥動作后,再進一步擰緊螺釘、螺母。

(4)電磁閥吸合電流變大:這多是由于銜鐵極面被氣源腐蝕和污染造成的。電磁閥吸合時間,剛出廠時,5s即可吸合。使用中的燃氣熱水器,電磁閥若在點火后30s還不吸合,就應進行去污或更換處理。

(5)電磁閥線圈斷、短路或銜鐵移位:這類故障,一般很難修復,應更換同型號電磁閥,更換方法見前。

13、調節水溫的方法

(1)調節進氣閥控制燃氣進量,可調節水溫。

(2)調節水溫調節器,可控制出水溫度。

(3)調節自來水閥控制最大水流量,可調節最低溫度。

(4)水氣連動閥還有自動控溫的作用。

14、水垢的清除方法

水垢產生后,會使熱水器熱效率降低,同時還會使熱水器管徑變小,熱水產率下降,水溫過高,甚至會產生局部堵塞。為此應一年左右清洗一次,清洗的方法很多,下面僅介紹一種簡單實用的方法。

(1)買一袋鋁壺―次清除水垢劑,將其倒人約1.2L飲料瓶中,并加人約1L溫水,攪拌均勻。

(2〉按圖所示連接好。打開水溫開關,用手擠壓飲料瓶,待除垢液進入熱水器,并從進水管流出時,關閉水溫開關。

(3)點燃熱水器常明小火,對除垢液加溫,待10~15min后,關閉常明小火,打開水溫開關,將飲料瓶中剩下的除垢液全部流入熱水器并從進水口排出(可重復幾次)。

(4)卸下飲料瓶,接好進水管,打開冷水閥門,用清水將熱水器管道內殘余的水垢及除垢液沖洗干凈即可。

15、水動式熱水器有水流出,但不點火

水動式熱水器是在打開進水閥門或熱水閥門時,熱水器便會自動點火,數秒鐘后便有熱水產生。當有水流而不點火時,其故障原因是多種多樣的,可以按以下步驟進行檢查并排除故障。

(1)打開水源開關,查看指示燈是否有亮,如果紅色亮,表明電池已達到無電狀態,需更換電池;如果綠色亮,但無“嗒,嗒,嗒”響聲及點火火花,表明點火器高壓包燒毀或高壓線脫落,應重新連接高壓線或更換點火器;如果指示燈不亮又無點火火花出現、應檢查有沒有安裝電池或電池是否裝反,如果電池安裝正常,則需檢查電源連線是否可靠,發現情況應及時排除。

(2)當所有電導線未發現異常時,先檢查微動開關〈有的熱水器用水動磁控開關),用手按動微動開關或直接用導線(或旋具)進行短路連接,此時如果有點火動作,則證明是微動開關故障或開關撥片位置不對,應予以更換或調整。如果按動或短路微動開關,均無點火動作,則是點火器的故障,需更換點火器。

(3)當打開水源開關后有點火火花而沒有著火時,應先檢查點火針位置是否對準燃燒器,然后再檢查電磁閥的連線連接是否良好,同時可根據該熱水器的用電池情況,對電磁閥接入3V(或1.5V)的直流電壓,查看燃燒器是否著火,如有著火,則表明點火器輸出電流不足,需更換;如未有著火,則表明電磁閥有故障,也需更換。

(4)如果上述幾種方法都無法查出原因時,就要檢查其他的安全保護裝置,例如,過熱保護裝置是否熔斷或開路;防止不完全燃燒裝置的熱電偶是否反接或開路;水氣聯動裝置是否活動自如(反復開、關水源、微動開關撥片應左右移動,如果不動作則是水閥膜片穿孔或聯動桿卡死等)。

(5)在各項檢查前應先檢查氣源是否開啟,連接氣源的氣管是否折疊或太長,如果氣管太長,應先多點火幾次,讓氣管內的空氣排空后,方可點火成功。

16、開水不著火或低溫時熄火

(1)水壓偏低因水壓低,而無法打開水氣聯動閥,燃氣就無法出來被點燃。

(2)水閥的橡膠薄膜破損、變形或偏心更換橡膠薄膜。

(3)進水管濾網堵塞、淋浴噴頭堵塞以及水閥內的文氏管松動︰平時必須經常清理。使熱水器保持較佳使用狀態。

17、開水熄火或未開水著火

(1)冷熱水閥門漏水或關閉不嚴,使熱水器內有一定水壓,打開水氣聯動閥而造成此故障更換或關嚴冷、熱水閥門。

(2)水氣聯動閥內頂桿被卡死,或長期停用頂桿被粘著,膠圈變形造成頂桿運動緩慢而不熄火拆下頂桿清洗,并加潤滑油。

(3)水氣聯動閥的氣閥門彈簧器日久彈力不足更換彈簧。

(4)水閥進水管因無濾網,造成雜質卡死水閥頂軸而不炮火﹑先清洗干凈水閥內部,再在進水管補加濾網,以保證水質干凈。

二、故障代碼與解決方案

現在很多產品都自帶有自檢功能,會根據提示告訴你產品出現了什么問題,讓用戶能快速找到問題,并且解決問題,相當的智能化人性化。

保養

一、使用時應經常檢查常明火是否正常工作,有無阻塞;如火焰微弱,應立即關閉燃氣氣源開關,待清除垢物后,再行點燃。

二、熱水器使用一段時間(一般為半年左右)后,應對水管、燃氣管、容積式熱水器的水箱等進行除垢,以防過濾網(見下圖)被堵。水箱有沉積物,會影響熱水器的正常使用。

三、每隔數月,應清除熱水器排氣口、進氣排氣筒、熱交換器及周圍積炭和灰垢。如果發現大量積炭或有許多阻塞物時,可將熱水器卸下,倒過來輕輕清除,也可用自來水沖洗,沖洗時嚴禁將水濺到燃燒器噴嘴和常明火上,待干燥后再安裝使用。

四、一般情況下,熱水器使用一年后,應對其做一次全面檢查,查清供氣和供水系統的各個裝置是否完好、正常,有無漏氣、漏水等異常現象。

五、如使用的水質較硬,應在熱水器的前端裝配一水質軟化裝置,并及時清除熱交換盤管(即蛇形管)或水箱的水垢。

六、經常擦試外殼。

太陽能熱水器

結構原理

太陽能熱水器一般由集熱器、貯熱裝置、循環管路、輔助裝置及淋浴噴頭等部分組成。

一、集熱器

集熱器是太陽能熱水器的關鍵部件,其性能好壞,對熱水器的性能起著決定性的作用。按收集太陽能的不同原理,可分為平板型集熱器和聚光型集熱器兩種。聚光型集熱器只能聚集太陽的直射輻射能,需要對太陽進行跟蹤,增加了裝置成本,只有在需要附到較高溫度等特殊場合使用;平板型集熱器是目前應用較廣泛的一種,它不僅能吸收太陽的直射輻射,還可以收集太剛的散射輻射。

二、貯熱裝置

貯熱裝置通常作為短期貯存熱水、減少熱損失的容器,貯熱效果主要取決于裝置保溫性能的好壞。

三、循環管路

循環管路的作用是連通集熱器、貯熱水箱,形成一個完整的循環加熱系統。

四、輔助裝置

輔助裝置的作用是使整個熱水器裝置能正常工作,并通過儀表加以顯示。輔助裝置包括水位顯示裝置、溫度顯示裝置、循環泵、控制系統及輔助熱源等。

故障檢修

一、太陽能熱水器的常見故障及排除方法見下表。

二、故障代碼與解決方案

保養

必須經常保持集熱器上蓋的清潔;要防止空曬;使用一定時間后,應進行清潔處理,排除沉積的污垢;冬季停用時,必須將集熱器及管道中的水排凈,以防凍裂。

以上就是對熱水器如何維修問題的介紹,希望能對您有所幫助!

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"熱水器已成為生活中重要的一部分,給人們的生活帶來極大的方便。但由于元器件自然老化、操作者的熟練程度、工作環境和工作強度等諸多因素常引發各類故障。接下來就為大家介紹如何維修熱水器的問題。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOoMdgI2YoYWSexY7dVcZ2pMnDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWYwdY2W6ouAUKxOM9McpuPzneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KygedMsoWoOKu6x4dTRcL1OenQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器具有結構簡單、價格低、熱效率高、無污染、使用方便等優點,使用壽命一般為15年左右,主要有貯水式和速熱式兩種。由于速熱式電熱水器功率高達3kW以上,且易漏電,很少有人問津;貯水式一般功率在1~2kW之間,安全方便,受到消費者喜愛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ee2WdOOIcoMkMwxC0wkctSSEnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、貯水式電熱水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoEkdemA8ocwCSxl8dwcMZCjnbW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"貯水式電熱水器一般由箱體系統、制熱系統、控制系統和進出水系統四大部分組成。下面為部分國產名牌電熱水器的結構示意圖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GkCcdGS2goU480xczSccDttDnTf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":485,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ed7f139bafc4003b23a89038aa95292","width":692},"text":"","id":"GMuEdek0Io6GIAxyk5fcJcirnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"、箱體系統","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EmSodaAs8oQwsCxm4VtcHuyGnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱體系統由外殼、內膽、保溫層等構成,起到貯水保溫的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKUAdWCA4oEOesx0cKccGcX2nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)外殼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgCUdIyWwoy2MsxgjB3cgHIxn6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外殼是電熱水器的基本骨架,大部分部件都安裝或固定在上面,所用材料有塑料、彩板、冷軋板、噴粉等幾種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQScdAQSmoCkwkxYTK5cEPeSnUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)內膽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSwIdU4eIowMc6xGwblc81Klnyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"內膽既是盛水的容器,又是對外加熱的場所,其壽命決定于內膽的材料和制造工藝。常見內膽材料有鍍鋅鐵板、不銹鋼板和鋼板內涂搪瓷三種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqwgdA6oQoAe48xALuqcsNBan4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)陽級棒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IS8ydEOwMomQq8x477ecrmyHn2X"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"貯水式電熱水器中的陽極棒是一根金屬鎂棒,主要用來保護金屬水箱不被腐蝕和阻止水垢的形成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8g4ds2g6oaoG2xkxhgcFS0znXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)保溫層","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcAadA6GWoSsi8xeq3oclbUNnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外殼與內膽之間的保溫層,起減少熱損失的作用,一般采用聚氨酯發泡、玻璃棉、石棉、纖維、氈和軟木等。為增強保溫效果,現多采用高密度聚氨酯發泡材料充填的新工藝,充填扎實,密封保溫性好,即使12h不通電,水溫也僅下降2℃左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4A2dOigWogGksxgDD2cEGsUnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)爐膛","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAcCdSEWqo4YOkxgrLDcRJQQn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爐膛用于安裝加熱體和限溫器,是由爐膛底盤、爐膛管、爐膛帽、溫控管、螺孔柱焊接而成。螺孔柱經鉆孔攻螺紋,用于安裝鎂棒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIOGdU04SocMegxOSCkc7YIlnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、制熱系統","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MUCAdGGQWo4aSixIXogcaeuOnBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器采用的電熱元件多采用管狀結構,為提高熱效率,直接放在水中加熱,形狀可根據內膽結構彎成U形或其他形狀,金屬護套管常見為不銹鋼管或銅管。電加熱管在通電后,其內部高電阻電熱合金絲發熱,通過金屬管內的絕緣填充料導熱至金屬套管,起加熱作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wsu0dye0SoYyS2xEFYEcucQpnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電加熱管使用時間一長,在電加熱管表面容易結污垢,不僅影響發熱效果,而且會產生漏電現象。為此海爾、小鴨、東寶等廠家,將熱水器部分產品的電熱元件改為高壓耐熱的陶瓷發熱器,如圖所示。間接加熱內膽中的水(通電后,首先預熱周圍的空氣,然后通過鋼板對水加熱),使水電分離,不僅無漏電之憂,且可超快速加熱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mi4WdcQ0aogw8qxS4dOcysZnnyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":834,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b3cc4067eb243bea2fe1a07e4f33158","width":1495},"text":"","id":"IG20dsouAoA6ucxi40TcCh31nvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、控制系統","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HyEEdsimwoQyKIxqgtMcRDCrnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器的控制系統主要包括溫控器和漏電保護器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8s4dwgoEo0uOOxAfqYcRpRKnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)溫控器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZeG0dUggeocA4XxaLXMcRebMncH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器中使用的溫控器主要有雙金屬片溫控器、蒸氣壓力式溫控器和電子溫控器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcGUduo6Wo8IYaxGGumcl4mtnVd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d45ae36f068d41a9801db870951e9a5f","width":801},"text":"","id":"NIMIdqMS0o004uxMBSEc6U2jnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)漏電保護器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGqGdSwy6oAaqAxJD5GcQ6ZUnEW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在電熱水器的漏電保護器中、將15mA確定為危險電流,超過這一數值時漏電保護器動作,正常的動作范圍為15~30mA。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUG6di2y8ouWGqxiorTcob2Jnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海爾電熱水器選用的是進口漏電保護器,動作值為15mA,動作時間為0.1s。小鴨等品牌電熱水器電源線帶有先進的電子控制漏電保護插頭,其技術參數為:額定電壓220V(5OHz),額定電流10A,漏電動作范圍5~10mA,漏電動作時間≤50ms,最大分斷能力300A,最大負載功率2200W。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZU2idaWugo0GYOxgnN2cUfXIn4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1fde3f53c6e4c828c774f1ace78784a","width":768},"text":"","id":"TYMWdUC4OocYu8xOCKCccvJWnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、進、出水系統","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ky6ediEagoKsqQxGIZScNYd6nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"進、出水系統由進、出水管,混合閥、安全閥和淋浴噴頭等組成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N6YmdMAUCoigsSxaYtzctAlPnJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)混合閥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEcWdcseaoIIekxLMrpc6eL4njr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"混合閥的結構如圖所示。由圖可知,熱水器內膽出水管、混合閥、噴頭和大氣相通,不受混合閥冷、熱閥門控制膽內壓力,故稱為出口敞開式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XoQUdumU4o0Cwixu2NAcJhcEnNH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":744,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f948916cdd73493fbd760ee2c8fbdf5e","width":887},"text":"","id":"GcYodwiKio28qIxI3rZcrg7OnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單獨打開右側紅點熱水旋閥,自來水經出水管、混合閥、噴頭流出,出熱水,出水壓力由熱水閥控制;單獨打開左側藍點冷水旋閥,自來水直接經混合閥由噴頭流出冷水,出水壓力由冷水閥控制。當同時打開冷熱水閥門時,冷水和熱水在混合閥出水口混合,適當調節冷熱水閥門大小,可得到所需水溫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMIEdCiO0oCiMuxsjuGcOCZ4nUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)安全閥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eum6dA6iQoGYOcxOUPKc3d3Tnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在自來水壓力突然增高或加熱水溫過熱,造成內膽壓力超過規定耐壓值時,安全閥會自動排壓,以保護內膽。在加熱過程中,安全閥會有緩慢的滴水現象,不是故障,是一種正常現象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YGCEdWowUoieUkxKyNwcIBctnUg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":425,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b41181aa1d5a4c8d875265320248ecf3","width":745},"text":"","id":"RYIMdu4Cqoc4EGxwXfncl2GZnZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmyedIIOqoeae6xUNwZcy3jHn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"貯水式電熱水器的加熱分單加熱器加熱和雙加熱器加熱兩種。前者,--般用在容積不太大的熱水器中;后者、往往用于容積較大的熱水器中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWqSdAaAioQkWMxEVekc7UZtncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、速熱式電熱水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSKod68S0o20WSxqC48c6n8enme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速熱水器一般在接通電源、開啟水閥后,僅需十幾秒就會有充足的熱水源源流出,因此也稱流動式或即熱式電熱水器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VU0Kdg0uMoC8ogx6azGccJl1nIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、基本結構","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DecCdoQWWok8a2xi2Wccp2g6npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速熱水器主要由外殼、內腔、電熱元件、壓力開關和溫度控制等部分組成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DICsdMQ2uoKQmUx2RktcUhz5nEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NSy4duKQKouamqxsB9XcQ3NAn0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)腔體式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CWawdoSououGGAxSM2vcAyuznwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打開進水閥門,水流入腔體。當水充滿腔體后,在水壓和重力作用下,使橡皮膜下凹,從而帶動通過膜片中心的通水管子上端,使觸點閉合接通電源,這樣電阻絲通電發熱,被加熱的水沿通水管上開有的小孔流入管內,再經過蓮蓬頭噴射出來,供人們使用。當停止進水時,靠橡皮膜彈力恢復使觸頭斷開,從而切斷電源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEwWdwcICoEuA0xO02FcSwJ0nZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水槽式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IKYIdQOSOow86cxE6smc1JNZnPM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在未接通水源時,壓力開關處于常態(觸點斷開),微動開關s不動作,從而繼電器線圈不通電,這時整機不工作。接通水源后,因水壓升高,這時壓力開關觸點動作,繼電器KA吸合,主電路觸點閉合,指示燈HL點亮,這時只要將轉換開關(功率調節器)根據需要調節在適當位置,電熱元件即可工作,就會有熱水從蓮蓬頭中源源不斷流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow6CdMSQAoOCqCxM6DjcLzpenWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":594,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5ef3ba42b5c4b979caf872e28067009","width":1499},"text":"","id":"Nu4qdWYGkosu2wxeIb9clBTGnFb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NqkSdA84CosOaWx8gStc7Vy5nDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、電熱水器檢修工藝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O0yod2SIYoCMSexOItkcwiQIn5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面以海爾電熱水器為例,對電熱水器的檢修工藝過程介紹如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T08IdKAKUo0ycsxg7aVcNhtqn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、電源檢查","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYw2dIQOcoQO6WxCYELc3LXjncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用萬用表交流電壓檔(~500V檔)測量插座零線和火線,零線和地線是否接通,若不通為正常;反之,則電源不能使用,應修復。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FoSqdIE2koO6sgxusqAceG3Tnrg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c2e6001ebbd24fbb9fc6e0f85d6baaac","width":1286},"text":"","id":"PSAKd268AoUGgYx06iEc79RCnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(萬用表使用方法圖解)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGkIdUy2UosqYoxYJx2cxdiXnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":355,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/955e1857d6294d6eb1a49dc5afb17d04","width":710},"text":"","id":"CCusdiY8koY2gSxOoVXcvs25nOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、故障檢修程序","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UuC4dCUcEooUikxCa9acVtSan1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接通電源,可能出現兩種情況:指示燈亮或指示燈不亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaKGdmcuWosMAexSSvlcDDhjnxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e019c415f34845a78220704962986817","width":1280},"text":"","id":"PAmsdkye4ok6MkxGiylcHC4en4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)指示燈亮:待半小時左右,水溫升高10℃左右,說明熱水器正常;若水溫不升高,由燈亮可知,漏電保護器、超溫管均正常,故障在加熱器。斷電后,檢測加熱元件,若電阻為無窮大,應更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEGed68eQo4GwQxA8j2cK7gRnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)指示燈不亮:若燈壞應更換;燈好時,應檢查溫控器、超溫管、加熱器和漏電保護器以確定故障所在。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PiekdWycIoqmo0xqe80cOSuQnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①對可調溫型溫控器,用萬用表R×1檔測量,在關斷位置電阻為無窮大;在不同溫度控制點應有不同電阻值與之對應;溫控器在未動作時,觸點為閉合狀態,電阻近似為0,否則說明溫控器損壞,應更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYIAdeQ8yos2SkxsNFZc4cqonZd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":616,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3665f75639dc46ae81edcd42ef81e7e2","width":1145},"text":"","id":"PkKQdm6syoCs2ox8bBhcNSUGnyh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":621,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23028d8ff7394739aee9ae83355afe12","width":975},"text":"","id":"Pmo0dKQkuocgusxo9xNcFUKRnjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":621,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23028d8ff7394739aee9ae83355afe12","width":975},"text":"","id":"Pmo0dKQkuocgusxo9xNcFUKRnjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d2e66ab337d4dab9ea47dbdd394cef8","width":939},"text":"","id":"DQ42do6Qyoky2GxiiORc1mUdnyg"}],"text":"","id":"ECs4dSMWgoq2AOx0s0EciBiqnjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(萬用表測量溫控器圖解)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECs4dSMWgoq2AOx0s0EciBiqnjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②超溫管在正常狀態下,電阻為0,否則已損壞,應更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeKqdgmyGo4m4cx8GXgcxv7EnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③用萬用表檢測加熱器,電阻約24~48Ω,若為無窮大時,應更換加熱元件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GykGd4Eseoo0Uuxyha6czMc1ntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":681,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/871ebc757e274a9f9824cfa24b63626d","width":1193},"text":"","id":"NQWSde2G8omeCCxyuuMcMhtbnih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④檢查漏電保護器,應將漏電保護器打到合閘位置,燈亮,水溫升高為正常;有時漏電保護器誤動作,應注意觀察,找出誤動作原因。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F42gdKAaYokoIgxp2KqctLIEnsk"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":398,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68e652225afc4cec9eda21c283a2df78","width":486},"text":"","id":"JA4adsgMmoq204xE52hcLMUBnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(漏電保護器“合閘”狀態)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KsOSdYGwIooiYWxszSkcg66enhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若漏電保護器合不上閘,應用萬用表R×100檔依次檢測超溫管、溫控器和加熱器的對地電阻,表針指向∞位置為正常,表針指向0為漏電,找出漏電元件進行更換,若無漏電元件,說明漏電保護器已損壞,更換新的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgQkd0is4osOY8xqcL6cNtAknqd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b97fe83f852485a829dcd0bcef18794","width":602},"text":"","id":"Ne4gdK6O0okAo2x8VEZcAtMPnwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(漏電保護器“跳閘”狀態)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uo04dW8YeoKw22xKMeBcxwBxnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、安全性能測試","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yg8OdU2sWo26MAxvSGEcmNLMnsa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)漏電測試:重新合閘,按“試驗”按鈕應跳閘,漏電保護器為正常,再“合閘”燈亮。若熱水器無漏電保護器,用萬用表電阻檔測量插頭的火線與地線、零線和地線,若指示為無窮大,說明無漏電現象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WcCSdA6agoA8esx4FTScMYVvnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)泄漏電流測試:泄漏電流不應超過規定的數值,海爾小海象為0.5mA/kW,大海象、金海象為0.3mA/kW,","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C42edkkIMoCGU2xsZCKcyowcnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)絕緣電阻用兆歐表測量應大于50MΩ。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TqKydyGSyoAU06xo3gFcIHZVnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)電源的接地端與電熱水器易觸及金屬部件之間的接地電阻應小于0.1Ω。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIeWdmCcIoeaIexOycccnczpncd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安全性能測試合格后,才能按工藝要求將電熱水器重新安裝好,投入使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQWGdGC8IoecOMxKEzNcQiLZnLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、電熱水器常見故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqwGd8oYio8QMUx0EOwcTS1unMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、出水不熱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hiw0d8O2aoyyOQxcn0ScY4iwnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷熱水調節不當:這是由于熱水閥開得太小,冷水閥開得太大造成的。應適當調節冷熱水閥的開度,使出水溫度適合使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKgWdIieuo4EkIx2PHZc87npnDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/255d3584b2d943dd9dac61833a768876","width":877},"text":"","id":"LgIsd08suoSgcqx6nqrczDq4nDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)電源未接通:調整電源插頭或開關,使其接觸良好。若采用的是漏電保護插頭,應將其“復位按鈕”按下,排除以上故障若仍不能接通電源,應拆開電熱水器仔細檢查回路是否有導線脫落、斷開等情況,若有,應及時排除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqUUdkwm4o8sUwx8Vg6c8eOjnkd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":430,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7525bc62aad642a98962870140d6b9c4","width":602},"text":"","id":"LiOydYyacoMOaExcx55cYrvunVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)電加熱器損壞:用萬用表電阻檔測量電熱元件電阻值,正常情況下,1kW電熱水器,電阻為49Ω左右;3kW,16Ω左右。功率不同的電熱水器,其電熱元件的阻值不同。若電阻為無窮大,說明電熱元件損壞,應予更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOSidOkc0okWmmxGsh3ca1E2nEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)溫控器損壞:當溫控器觸頭接觸不良或感溫體內感溫劑泄漏時,可引起溫控器不能正常工作。對于前者可拆開壓力式溫控器進行修復;對于后者只好更換新的壓力式溫控器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYidcmquoags8xkRVycrNrNnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、出水溫度太高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuAqdK84io4a8cx4SmYcOJCfnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷熱水調節不當:適當調節冷熱水閥的開度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N26mdYGgwoYYMixg7uMcRjocnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)溫控器旋鈕調節不當或觸點粘連:將溫控器旋鈕調至溫度較低處;對觸點粘連的,可將溫控器拆開,將粘連觸點分開,并對觸點進行研修、調整,經調整后,一般即可使用,必要時可進行更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSEkdASQSoqCEoxM7UVc9FRHnch"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":597,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cbf6dc3eb93f4a5d87512021c3e7b634","width":917},"text":"","id":"Kuq8d8goOoQocEx0UwocD7XmnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)限溫器失靈:檢修限溫器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCoidKiAuoIcMyx0ETIcXvqCnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、漏水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCsCduU4Qo2aeixkBlDc1TuUnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)管道連接處漏水:對接口密封不好造成的漏水,應重新安裝接口;若屬自來水壓太高,應在自來水道上設置減壓閥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcA6dUOUkouQ40xiEPPcjXvsnaf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":583,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33c965c6e47942b3a19736b9b5204fe1","width":872},"text":"","id":"Lgm8d2mSSo4OySxmOzYcSSIZnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)安全閥接口漏水:是由于安全閥松扣或密封不好造成的,應重新擰緊和密封。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoA4dEMyaoecUgx8onkcaBTpnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":669,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見故障分析","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/35fca532fa97417faddbabccd68607f9","width":880},"text":"","id":"MgU2dMSyYo8kkoxGYhGcDCzZn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、出水帶電","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQ8UdSiSGoKYmaxQfyOc6P8Anvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)出水口接地失效:重新接好接地線,保證接地電阻小于0.1Ω。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKgudacMKo4KuCx4XePcNCLGnqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水中分布電流大:用細鋼絲編織成網,包在出水口上,并與接地線良好接觸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSwkdc4mcomsYqxgpWAcPDiBn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)電熱元件絕緣損壞或失效:更換電熱元件,更換時要保持電氣接觸良好,有關密封部分不漏水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0GudayU4o6OsWxfU6zcz9VDnHY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)內部導線絕緣層損壞,搭接在外殼或內膽上:拆開電熱水器,檢查出導線絕緣層損壞的部分,進行更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGYgdkOiMoI48ExzhN5cdE2NnLC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、進水困難","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GM6sdmQMKoUeoExMbRgcTMeJn8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)臟堵:主要是由于自來水水質不好,雜質超量,堵住進水口的逆止閥。設有進水濾網的熱水器大都是濾網孔被堵。在確定水壓正常后,關閉自來水供水總閥,清理管路,沖出勝物或清洗濾網。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKO6d0828okQwKxQnSMckxnvnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)汽堵:常見于密閉水箱貯水式電熱水器中。其特征是:熱水閥打開后,噴出大量水蒸氣,此時應將調溫器調到最小位置或切斷電源,先將蒸汽從熱水閥排出,然后打開冷水進水閥,使熱水器排水,降低水溫,再檢修溫控器;若熱水閥打開后,熱汽斷續流出,量很小,一般是臟堵造成的。此時應開大熱水閥和冷水進水閥,以降低水溫,待水溫降低后,檢查熱水閥是否臟堵,洗凈后冷水便會從熱水閥流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Om8cdKyEioGG4sx44UlcqAPin2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)供水壓力不正常:當供水管路因水壓下降,供水壓力低于貯水壓力,逆止閥不能被頂開,會造成進水困難。這種故障,待水壓正常后,故障即自行消失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZuwGdq6CgoIaEIxUVQxc1rKjndc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保養","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UuAGdAwwOogeW4xWMVmcKBqMnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用一段時間后,應取下噴頭,按安裝方法進行沖洗。長期使用后,若升溫慢,應檢查電熱元件是否結垢,若結垢,可用去垢劑清除水垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIA2d8eaQokGsaxO2LIc2TaknLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若漏水,應更換相應的橡膠密封圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nkigd2Eu4oi6glxym54cw4jJnI3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若加熱時蒸汽冒出,則表明恒溫器失效。或感溫頭脫出,應關閉電路,經檢查修復后再用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWgQdAcagoQ8EQx4eKDceRo9ncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加熱時因水的膨脹,噴頭有時會有少量熱水溢出,這屬正常現象,不必過分用力擰緊熱水閥,以免加速損壞密封圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ss6idy4AeoMgOIx6mVccESPinPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自來水閥可使用不帶手輪的閥門或者安裝好后取下手輪,以防誤關此閥,導致水箱缺水而燒毀電熱絲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWkydUIOIosqkaxcJT6coKeancb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"燃氣熱水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EmkGd4cqCok2cGxUrnUcojNXnHd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"結構","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CGMkdSwwmoIEGAxgfjucH3JmnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前,家用快速燃氣熱水器常見為壁掛式,適合淋浴使用,主要由水路系統、燃氣系統、熱交換系統、排煙系統和安全裝置五大部分組成。其結構示意圖如下所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V48udWcmQoakmMx4mVTcota2nAb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":897,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結構","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c3235234e654902a40487f338c99b13","width":1262},"text":"","id":"FuEKdyoIso8A8gxai9ccnk69nfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水路系統主要包括進水閥、水膜閥等,其中水膜閥是關鍵部件,起控制水氣聯動裝置的作用,當水源切斷后立即切斷燃氣;水閥是控制冷水進入熱水器流量大小的裝置,水閥燃燒器在同樣工作狀態下,流量大的,輸出熱水溫較低,反之則水溫升高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAm2dayWYoCUEcxMJCYcengxnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)燃氣系統主要包括燃氣調節閥、水氣聯動閥、常明火、主燃燒器。其中主燃燒器是熱水器供熱的主要部件;水氣聯動閥是由水流的壓力差控制氣閥的開啟以防止空燒。燃氣調節閥可調節進入主燃燒器氣量,以達到調節水溫的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PQkGdYKICoeAC4xWGhIcqrfXnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)熱交換系統主要包括腔體、集熱片和彎管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKW2dKGiioSk4Wx63PfchJSUnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)排煙系統包括熱水器外殼、排氣煙管和排煙口等。燃燒后的煙氣,須經過排煙系統排出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYK2dQ0k8os2qsxfWf4cL7JanCE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)安全裝置主要包括由熱電偶和電磁閥組成的熄火保護、缺氧保護、水氣聯動閥防止空燒、排水閥防止過水壓和凍裂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LIO6dcQuQo26iSxi295cllDhnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面重點介紹燃氣熱水器主要部件結構原理","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EskWd8mkwogOQ4xamOBcLlK2nfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、點火裝置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FuyudEG4IowISAxER0Dcc5P4nTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點火裝置的作用是點燃小火(常明火)并保持其燃燒。當按下點火按鈕時,小火管有燃氣流出,此時點火器工作,點燃旁邊的小火。燃氣熱水器的點火方式主要有壓電陶瓷點火和電脈沖點火兩種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LI8EdwICGo4GQCxmssIcx8VgnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結構","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31c6e50fd12c433eaa7a8a2f0f4ef21e","width":750},"text":"","id":"Ays6dC2OUogYgQxacJrcBM7nn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、水氣聯動閥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NemcdiAkkos68wxRwRuc2P7anOi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水氣聯動閥是保證燃氣熱水器安全使用的重要部件,其主要作用是:當水壓足夠,水在熱交換器中流動時,燃氣才能進入主燃燒器進行燃燒;而當水流停止或壓力不足時,自動切斷燃氣供給,以防因缺水面燃壞熱水器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZucqdiI44os06GxkzQuclgJhnlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結構","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/516af55f2e064ad78b8c0992e136f804","width":800},"text":"","id":"AiKodKiUSok20ixkfGicQNhPnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、燃燒器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeSMdiUcSokiQyxqyOoc0AgOnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、常明火為點燃主燃燒器作準備,常明火有單獨的燃氣通路。同時常明火加熱熄火保護裝置中的熱電偶,使電磁閥開閉燃氣閥門。當由熱電偶或雙金屬片構成的熄火保護裝置一旦檢測到常明小火熄滅,熄火保護裝置將自動切斷氣源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4awdaOQ8o2IoixSIAGchMqCnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常明火點火管一般用銅管或不銹鋼制成,為保證燃燒的穩定,大多采用大氣式燃燒方式,即燃燒前預混一部分空氣,由于這種燃燒方式火焰短而穩定,用它加熱熱電偶或熱雙金屬片時,熱量集中,不易產生誤動作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQwydCSUcoiQY6xkj83cR1hdn3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、主燃燒器是燃氣熱水器提供熱源的主要部件,熱負荷較大,火力強而且集中,火焰高度實短不宜長,一般采用大氣式燃燒器來滿足要求,而且大多不設一次調節裝置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VG4edEi6IoUGCUx2Z6vcuBr8nng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":539,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結構","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a91dbad6ac2648de8a0bc6fa0d80b2a9","width":651},"text":"","id":"NQKOdM28Qo2w0WxthlzcBXpEny6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、熱交換器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FAEMdGuM4owEwwxyQgkcQCG1nW4"},{"ty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t":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ca7e1e9708d4ed2bd13d22d98a85f5c","width":747},"text":"","id":"IcUudSAUuoeo4KxAZH7cl8sbnkf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUwKdcGMqoAAawx0AeRcn9m8n3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、常見故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwMAd6im6oWEgixwR7Xc0bZTnZm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、打不著火或打火困難","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xkkwd2iQCooeiIxM3Glcjw7cnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)剛打開氣源時,由于氣管內空氣尚未排空,短時間內難以打火,只要多打幾次,讓氣管內的空氣排空后,便能成功點火。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RAYqdgComo6gaGxcXQXcxBYxnLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)噴嘴堵塞:在打火時有火星,而無法點燃火種,表明噴嘴有堵塞,此時只要將噴嘴進行清理即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYQUdm6GSoGKssxiADBcqAuHnPf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3b0bdf9d30bb4345978e7e4db0bfe4f3","width":800},"text":"","id":"FGSodKWMuoSkwCxozhzcg2fJnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)點火針破裂或松動:多數熱水器點火針絕緣體是用陶瓷制作的,若陶瓷破裂或點火針松動,就會造成沒有對著火種進行點火,打不著火。此時應更換點火針或對點火針進行調整位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DEmYdgAiQoi6wSxCG30cyGlInDc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4a5502894164d50adea808c8c9b7205","width":957},"text":"","id":"ZCiod26Mwou4cexUvPTc0aG7nKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)壓電陶瓷失效手動式熱水器一般是采用壓電陶瓷點火,若點火時無點火火花,通常是壓電陶瓷損壞造成的,應及時進行更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IOECdwCkKouIuUxiS2PcZyMOnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)水動式熱水器電磁閥損壞,點火時,有火星而點不著火,此時先檢查電磁閥接線是否良好,若未發現接線不良,應更換電磁閥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VGS6dwUusoSCQsxUz7Tc9RyanTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":682,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bb059af299b04523b214eb7d6f88418b","width":976},"text":"","id":"KiU8dyQ2GoEIIqxk39sc31iHnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)水動式熱水器點火時無火星此時按順序檢查電池是否有電或裝反,電池盒是否有接觸不良,微動開關是否損壞,電脈沖發生器和接線是否有故障。排除故障后即可點火。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EIAIdMQ4coEaQexkNRVcT03Tnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、中途","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"燎火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA6sdkECcoS4w4xYTrmcO5m1nRM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)熱電偶與電磁閥接觸不良或失效:若在熱水器使用過程中,偶然中途熄火,說明熱電偶與電磁閥接觸不良,此時應緊固兩者的聯接螺母;當熱水器打火后,中途熄火的時間都較接近時,表明熱電偶已開始失效,應盡早更換。當熱水器每次中途熄火的時間不規則時,表明火種與熱電偶的位置不太準確,應調整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2e6dmQYKoS2O2x2bDwc2pzbn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)燃氣氣壓不穩定:適當調整氣源壓力或清洗火種噴嘴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E8CadAy6koIIoWxCytEchxxMnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3〉保護裝置動作:當直排式熱水器使用時間過長,且室內換氣較差時,或熱交換器(水箱)長期沒有清洗而造成嚴重積炭,保護裝置便會自動關閉氣源,導致熄火。對于前者,需打開門窗,使室內空氣流通,對于后者需定期(每年1~2次)清洗熱交換器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PceMdqCgao8oQYxsrEqchR4SnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)水動式熱水器離子感應針被污染:若每次使用時,都要打2~3次火,應對感應針進行清洗,若經清洗,還有同樣的問題出現,說明感應針的材質或電子點火器質量不良,應及時更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IsiQdUOI0oMc4kxQLmAcCDwJnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、漏氣","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J82MdSsCYoQSwAxEvJUcIESInWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"漏氣主要是由于密封用的密封圈破損老化或配合不嚴造成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DomedSGCAogyOax8ertcguRAn0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)進水接頭安裝不良而漏氣:重新安裝平面膠圈,上緊并緊固氣接頭。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Be0CdOgCyokcMUxeYKFcAT3Xnsc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":587,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cf67069ab4f4d0990f6a1095536e45f","width":1001},"text":"","id":"T88CdoiGCo8AmcxcN3QcIiG4nJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)氣閥體上聯接面漏氣:更換密封膠圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYc8ds8coomWo8xQ5QwcNiKfnWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)氣閥芯上的潤滑脂干而漏氣:清洗氣閥芯,重新均勻涂上潤滑脂(二硫化鉬),以確保氣閥芯不再漏氣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEgOdSGi4o2E4qxo3s4cg0t3nwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、漏水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GgcydkiukokQouxMvKUcXdPnnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)防凍排水閥經多次拆裝,密封膠圈裂損造成的漏水,應更換膠圈,并注意平日裝拆不應用力過大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OsCKdey2qoE8i6xWcAjcbptPnpc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":626,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ab564dae39f4b27a58aece09d884ad1","width":911},"text":"","id":"QSK4dAiOso2K8yxEL8hc4iLOnDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水閥芯膠圈因長期使用磨損嚴重造成的漏水,只要更換膠圈便可正常使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6agdeiMEoak8yxgjhgcbZJmn8d"},{"type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用mV檔測量兩端電壓,正常為20mV左右,若為0,說明熱電偶損壞,應更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wk8ud4Oa0osMG2xsljdcTZHwnif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)正常使用10min后,出現聲響和熄滅,這多是缺氧造成的,應及時補充新鮮空氣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R2SSdeSkWoIkAMxOGCDcUB4ZnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"10、關閉熱水閥后,主燃燒器熄火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmUcd2gQQoUOakxwbHicby2Dntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)燃氣閥塞被水氣連動閥頂桿卡住,打開水氣連動閥,清理閥內頂桿表面的水銹,涂上潤滑油,重新裝好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYA6dQcEKo08M0x4r0pcFQLQnbg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62eb59a19a304c43b6fa87d83318ba0e","width":833},"text":"","id":"TYwSdYSOgo62GCxE5PocTTA4n8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)壓差平衡器的眼孔被管道內異物堵塞拆開閥殼,疏通眼孔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N6QEdESSsoCoyqx83kUccjUNnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"11、熱水水流不暢、水溫偏高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZSywdO6OUoSGUuxgTEjcJaI8nHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水溫調節旋鈕使用不當:檢查水溫旋鈕是否置于需要的位置上,位置有誤時,應予糾正(溫度“最高”為水流最小,溫度“最低”為水流最大)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMe8dAmoQouQgMxwLDEcEUN6nEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":550,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/04f42ce95779403e9e26c9459c380d99","width":822},"text":"","id":"FWAIdI0EOoMk4ExUL9fcUBVGntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水溫調節失控:若是旋鈕錯位引起閥芯開度和指示溫度不一致,應及時調整,必要時更換滑牙的旋鈕;水溫控制閥閥桿和閥芯密封件老化損壞時,會引起水流不暢,應更換密封件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U6Owd6sQ2oaacqx4yU9c7H4DnI7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"12、炮火保護裝置失靈","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CcOKdQoYEoUoUIxQZzlcY21knaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)熱電偶的探頭和點火燃燒器的位置不當:調整時,可稍松一下固定熱電偶探頭的螺釘,將探頭移至點火燃燒溫度較高的位置,進行反復點火試驗,直至電磁閥吸合,再將緊固螺釘擰緊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GioodG6CIoQScMx2dEHcPYxwnUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)熱電偶與電磁閥之間的連接螺母松動:將松動的螺母擰緊即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W4Yid0ey6oO4ScxgNWfcd9UknPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)熱電偶損壞:若熱電偶斷線或發生在熱點上的短路,一般是無法修復的,應進行更換。方法是:擰開與電磁閥連接的螺母,并松開探頭在點火燃燒器旁的螺釘,拆下熱電偶。更換新熱電偶時,先將它與電磁閥連接的螺母擰緊,再將偶線彎成需要的形狀.將探頭固定在點火燃燒器附近溫度較高的位置,裝好后進行點火試驗,確認電磁閥動作后,再進一步擰緊螺釘、螺母。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4UgdoGEMoAYSExoXlVcXSV5ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)電磁閥吸合電流變大:這多是由于銜鐵極面被氣源腐蝕和污染造成的。電磁閥吸合時間,剛出廠時,5s即可吸合。使用中的燃氣熱水器,電磁閥若在點火后30s還不吸合,就應進行去污或更換處理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SKi0d6Mgyo4kcCxCAiDcXLlQnvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)電磁閥線圈斷、短路或銜鐵移位:這類故障,一般很難修復,應更換同型號電磁閥,更換方法見前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwYKdCeSkomUamxWotEcvULanKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"13、調節水溫的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J266dWKUUo0eaqxIldGcZMv1npd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)調節進氣閥控制燃氣進量,可調節水溫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tgmsd8OMAo0aUGxsveZc9xWen9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)調節水溫調節器,可控制出水溫度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yqw6dmCGSoq6qsxcDKzcCZ6dnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)調節自來水閥控制最大水流量,可調節最低溫度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EuaAdCs2coMoGkxq07UcSYWynMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)水氣連動閥還有自動控溫的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MYMwdaUcCoAkqIxcVPjcrdlanMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"14、水垢的清除方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TO4UdmaooogmQaxgZeAcax5UnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水垢產生后,會使熱水器熱效率降低,同時還會使熱水器管徑變小,熱水產率下降,水溫過高,甚至會產生局部堵塞。為此應一年左右清洗一次,清洗的方法很多,下面僅介紹一種簡單實用的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQMgdGQegogCASxmiBacvhiun0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)買一袋鋁壺―次清除水垢劑,將其倒人約1.2L飲料瓶中,并加人約1L溫水,攪拌均勻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQy6d4MU4oYIWMxuAS2cjo3BnGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2〉按圖所示連接好。打開水溫開關,用手擠壓飲料瓶,待除垢液進入熱水器,并從進水管流出時,關閉水溫開關。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YMMadIQiIo4K2mxkTOvcUCwVnMc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":742,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fbf3030fb8f45bfa520337d7ad10fe5","width":842},"text":"","id":"Fi6sdICKGoeCWixiAP3cIfJwnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)點燃熱水器常明小火,對除垢液加溫,待10~15min后,關閉常明小火,打開水溫開關,將飲料瓶中剩下的除垢液全部流入熱水器并從進水口排出(可重復幾次)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SocOdwqKYoSMiMx8TvTcwc0JnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)卸下飲料瓶,接好進水管,打開冷水閥門,用清水將熱水器管道內殘余的水垢及除垢液沖洗干凈即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QoIMdYk2ioYkckxI9cUcqd4dnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"15、水動式熱水器有水流出,但不點火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYwed4IMuoSuW8xMzHvczQI4nZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水動式熱水器是在打開進水閥門或熱水閥門時,熱水器便會自動點火,數秒鐘后便有熱水產生。當有水流而不點火時,其故障原因是多種多樣的,可以按以下步驟進行檢查并排除故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEGgds0YcoKK2AxYDbYcygLzncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)打開水源開關,查看指示燈是否有亮,如果紅色亮,表明電池已達到無電狀態,需更換電池;如果綠色亮,但無“嗒,嗒,嗒”響聲及點火火花,表明點火器高壓包燒毀或高壓線脫落,應重新連接高壓線或更換點火器;如果指示燈不亮又無點火火花出現、應檢查有沒有安裝電池或電池是否裝反,如果電池安裝正常,則需檢查電源連線是否可靠,發現情況應及時排除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lci2dEE6QoYkkYxgbfkcx6S8nLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)當所有電導線未發現異常時,先檢查微動開關〈有的熱水器用水動磁控開關),用手按動微動開關或直接用導線(或旋具)進行短路連接,此時如果有點火動作,則證明是微動開關故障或開關撥片位置不對,應予以更換或調整。如果按動或短路微動開關,均無點火動作,則是點火器的故障,需更換點火器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KkkydUcEsockOmx6qzFcK2YCnib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)當打開水源開關后有點火火花而沒有著火時,應先檢查點火針位置是否對準燃燒器,然后再檢查電磁閥的連線連接是否良好,同時可根據該熱水器的用電池情況,對電磁閥接入3V(或1.5V)的直流電壓,查看燃燒器是否著火,如有著火,則表明點火器輸出電流不足,需更換;如未有著火,則表明電磁閥有故障,也需更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DyKqdIsWOo6W4gxwTh1cR2gxnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)如果上述幾種方法都無法查出原因時,就要檢查其他的安全保護裝置,例如,過熱保護裝置是否熔斷或開路;防止不完全燃燒裝置的熱電偶是否反接或開路;水氣聯動裝置是否活動自如(反復開、關水源、微動開關撥片應左右移動,如果不動作則是水閥膜片穿孔或聯動桿卡死等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aq00deQU6oM2msxMpAccnSNynKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)在各項檢查前應先檢查氣源是否開啟,連接氣源的氣管是否折疊或太長,如果氣管太長,應先多點火幾次,讓氣管內的空氣排空后,方可點火成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pwmmd2cS8oS86WxSE4icjArLnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"16、開水不著火或低溫時熄火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuymdkuGso22GKxiCyoczW8CnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水壓偏低因水壓低,而無法打開水氣聯動閥,燃氣就無法出來被點燃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HK6MdKA6EoYuAYxYHsHcZvbwnpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水閥的橡膠薄膜破損、變形或偏心更換橡膠薄膜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R0i2d2SggoKQuoxIDE8cC9mWnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)進水管濾網堵塞、淋浴噴頭堵塞以及水閥內的文氏管松動︰平時必須經常清理。使熱水器保持較佳使用狀態。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4yEdsWiOoYWSWx0u7kcVaEXnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"17、開水熄火或未開水著火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwUsd68qWo4uSQx2J4lcWusznLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷熱水閥門漏水或關閉不嚴,使熱水器內有一定水壓,打開水氣聯動閥而造成此故障更換或關嚴冷、熱水閥門。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uugadk64UoYcyqxe4Vscr8f5nkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水氣聯動閥內頂桿被卡死,或長期停用頂桿被粘著,膠圈變形造成頂桿運動緩慢而不熄火拆下頂桿清洗,并加潤滑油。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwEYdY4IuoKY0exms6scEj7Onid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67d4303afc8f4cbdbac1a27d12465b66","width":774},"text":"","id":"YAQedQOUcomSAyxugZHcaQaDnJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)水氣聯動閥的氣閥門彈簧器日久彈力不足更換彈簧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X4YKdWo4cocO2qxkRn2c3nCLngC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)水閥進水管因無濾網,造成雜質卡死水閥頂軸而不炮火﹑先清洗干凈水閥內部,再在進水管補加濾網,以保證水質干凈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgImdA6UkouQ4AxCsYYcUbTMnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、故障代碼與解決方案","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6ISdc8sUoYKsExe2QAc2tK2noh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"現在很多產品都自帶有自檢功能,會根據提示告訴你產品出現了什么問題,讓用戶能快速找到問題,并且解決問題,相當的智能化人性化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KwaEdO0iEouYI6xEByNc5lvjngg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":8304,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2a869e8cc069406ea3f5408b5f370b2a","width":616},"text":"","id":"XGAYdoqIaosoGWxsjUscVsaCn9e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保養","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BqqUd6y6coM8OAxQv08cmAINned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、使用時應經常檢查常明火是否正常工作,有無阻塞;如火焰微弱,應立即關閉燃氣氣源開關,待清除垢物后,再行點燃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Le6Md0ymAoA6aOxszUUcXzVRn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、熱水器使用一段時間(一般為半年左右)后,應對水管、燃氣管、容積式熱水器的水箱等進行除垢,以防過濾網(見下圖)被堵。水箱有沉積物,會影響熱水器的正常使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W6aad4u04o82Gyx2FDkcL3lTnOZ"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":753,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"保養","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/27083823e9974b858eeaaf57205f769f","width":750},"text":"","id":"EqWcdqcaCoc00exAt9BcNQbEnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":697,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"保養","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a4c488af03148dbbef0aa77f5e12b43","width":861},"text":"","id":"OswidMM6sokaUExoz5oc2ofrnld"}],"text":"","id":"F406d6kySoiey4x62aAcU2zynCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、每隔數月,應清除熱水器排氣口、進氣排氣筒、熱交換器及周圍積炭和灰垢。如果發現大量積炭或有許多阻塞物時,可將熱水器卸下,倒過來輕輕清除,也可用自來水沖洗,沖洗時嚴禁將水濺到燃燒器噴嘴和常明火上,待干燥后再安裝使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F406d6kySoiey4x62aAcU2zynCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"四、一般情況下,熱水器使用一年后,應對其做一次全面檢查,查清供氣和供水系統的各個裝置是否完好、正常,有無漏氣、漏水等異常現象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OmeCd8uScoQ28ixGu7Mcj6Y4nHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五、如使用的水質較硬,應在熱水器的前端裝配一水質軟化裝置,并及時清除熱交換盤管(即蛇形管)或水箱的水垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuSGd6oGeoG6SoxSYucccWXUnke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"六、經常擦試外殼。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HieqdSA6Wo860ixeaf0cviZqnqe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"太陽能熱水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WwScdUiE2oIC6Sxqa4xciFgbn8c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"結構原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqSidYs6WoomAOxKAMvcfN1FnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"太陽能熱水器一般由集熱器、貯熱裝置、循環管路、輔助裝置及淋浴噴頭等部分組成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2OqdWCMQoiuIox67v2cQ7S1nsb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":452,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結構原理","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f518d1b3987f48128d5edf1d5a9af5b1","width":603},"text":"","id":"D4AydYeMeoI44sx2HrmcvYqonsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、集熱器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWyMdogGaoe0SUxgn3dcINFYnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"集熱器是太陽能熱水器的關鍵部件,其性能好壞,對熱水器的性能起著決定性的作用。按收集太陽能的不同原理,可分為平板型集熱器和聚光型集熱器兩種。聚光型集熱器只能聚集太陽的直射輻射能,需要對太陽進行跟蹤,增加了裝置成本,只有在需要附到較高溫度等特殊場合使用;平板型集熱器是目前應用較廣泛的一種,它不僅能吸收太陽的直射輻射,還可以收集太剛的散射輻射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Do2KdKEkuokQQyx6hLecByWvn5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、貯熱裝置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOU4dc0Sio4uSsxWuEZcauvDnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"貯熱裝置通常作為短期貯存熱水、減少熱損失的容器,貯熱效果主要取決于裝置保溫性能的好壞。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q8wcdUSOwooKUaxmmj7cu8eyn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、循環管路","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YYAqdO6AqoSWqux0A2dcHm6cnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循環管路的作用是連通集熱器、貯熱水箱,形成一個完整的循環加熱系統。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pg6wdK8AMo4yWsxAbKRcuRTxnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、輔助裝置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwSadUGGGoWcCgxXXXMcWBTwnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"輔助裝置的作用是使整個熱水器裝置能正常工作,并通過儀表加以顯示。輔助裝置包括水位顯示裝置、溫度顯示裝置、循環泵、控制系統及輔助熱源等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqAYdGcOWoqK6GxEzFZcYnStnwd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmcAdEMMMoQkI4xwxsGcnlx3nkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、太陽能熱水器的常見故障及排除方法見下表。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEAsdsoAqoa2KwxuGlucf6WEnZf"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/22e275a6509142acbb6029ea83f1eac1","width":966},"text":"","id":"QyM4dcwYeoqIiUxikNrcRcSXnLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":517,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb615d2c769f443ea1c7f95292001079","width":959},"text":"","id":"OUWkdaoqsoaeCGxY7F5cSJyNnbb"}],"text":"","id":"FYIwdc6ySosIM2xO8rPcfC5DnKP"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、故障代碼與解決方案","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FYIwdc6ySosIM2xO8rPcfC5DnKP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":578,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3b7a96a809dc4593adca37f02d17874b","width":791},"text":"","id":"Ccewd2eE6ogoISxyaEic88jqnsg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保養","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMWadoKWko4iIixSqg4csuginVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"必須經常保持集熱器上蓋的清潔;要防止空曬;使用一定時間后,應進行清潔處理,排除沉積的污垢;冬季停用時,必須將集熱器及管道中的水排凈,以防凍裂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIyIdM6keoy62WxqKC6crhC9n5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是對熱水器如何維修問題的介紹,希望能對您有所幫助!","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G8qodwci8oYu8ex2FQmcczjmnff"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

dw css文件分離,熱水器維修教程