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java 1.7 aio和nio

Java 1.7版本中引入了NIO2(即AIO)。NIO(New IO)是Java 1.4版本中引入的一種非堵塞IO模型,而AIO(Asynchronous IO)則是在NIO基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來(lái)。相比于傳統(tǒng)的同步IO模型,AIO的最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它能夠在IO操作進(jìn)行的同時(shí)進(jìn)行其他操作(多路復(fù)用),從而提高了系統(tǒng)的吞吐量。

在使用AIO時(shí),需要使用AsynchronousChannelGroup和AsynchronousFileChannel來(lái)進(jìn)行文件的異步讀寫。下面是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的AIO文件讀取示例代碼:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public class AioFileReader {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
Path path = Paths.get("test.txt");
AsynchronousFileChannel channel = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(path);
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
long position = 0;
Futureoperation = channel.read(buffer, position);
while (!operation.isDone()) {
System.out.println("Waiting for task to complete...");
}
buffer.flip();
byte[] data = new byte[buffer.limit()];
buffer.get(data);
System.out.println(new String(data));
channel.close();
}
}

除了AIO外,NIO中還有一個(gè)重要的組件是Selector。Selector是一個(gè)可以同時(shí)監(jiān)控多個(gè)通道的對(duì)象,當(dāng)某個(gè)通道上的事件被觸發(fā)后,Selector就會(huì)返回,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種單線程可以同時(shí)處理多個(gè)通道的模式,大大提高了系統(tǒng)的效率。

下面是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的NIO文件讀取示例代碼:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
public class NioSocketClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080));
while (!socketChannel.finishConnect()) {
// Wait for connection
}
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
socketChannel.read(buffer);
buffer.flip();
byte[] data = new byte[buffer.limit()];
buffer.get(data);
System.out.println(new String(data));
socketChannel.close();
}
}

在這個(gè)示例中,使用了非堵塞IO模型,通過(guò)SocketChannel來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信,通過(guò)ByteBuffer進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)讀寫。