MySQL 是大多數(shù) Web 應(yīng)用程序中使用較廣泛的關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng),但是它也有一些性能問題,其中一個(gè)問題是構(gòu)造月份完整數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)較慢。下面將對(duì)此問題進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析。
在實(shí)際開發(fā)中,我們經(jīng)常需要查詢某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)并按照月份統(tǒng)計(jì),但是如果沒有數(shù)據(jù)的月份需要補(bǔ)充 0 值,這時(shí)就需要構(gòu)造月份完整數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)。
SELECT DATE_FORMAT(date, '%Y-%m') AS month, COUNT(*) AS cnt FROM table WHERE date >= '2018-01-01' AND date<= '2018-12-31' GROUP BY month
但是,當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)量較大時(shí),查詢性能會(huì)受到影響,主要原因有以下兩點(diǎn):
1. 構(gòu)造月份完整數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)時(shí),需要先生成一個(gè)完整的月份數(shù)據(jù)表再進(jìn)行 join 操作,并且如果查詢時(shí)間范圍較大,生成的中間數(shù)據(jù)表也會(huì)很大。
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_dates ( date DATE ); SET @num := (SELECT DATEDIFF('2018-12-31', '2018-01-01') + 1); INSERT INTO temp_dates SELECT DATE_ADD('2018-01-01', INTERVAL @i := @i + 1 DAY) AS date FROM (SELECT a.a FROM (SELECT 0 AS a UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) AS a CROSS JOIN (SELECT 0 AS a UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) AS b CROSS JOIN (SELECT 0 AS a UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) AS c ) numbers WHERE @i< @num; SELECT DATE_FORMAT(temp_dates.date, '%Y-%m') AS month, COUNT(table.id) AS cnt FROM temp_dates LEFT JOIN table ON temp_dates.date = DATE_FORMAT(table.date, '%Y-%m-%d') WHERE temp_dates.date >= '2018-01-01' AND temp_dates.date<= '2018-12-31' GROUP BY month
2. 如果數(shù)據(jù)量較大,即使使用了索引,也需要進(jìn)行大量的查找和聚合操作,也會(huì)影響查詢性能。
因此,為了解決這個(gè)問題,我們可以在程序中預(yù)先緩存月份及其對(duì)應(yīng)的 0 值,并將緩存結(jié)果保存在 Redis 或 Memcached 中,從而減少 DB 查詢次數(shù)。還可以考慮使用 NoSQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫來存儲(chǔ)此類數(shù)據(jù),并結(jié)合查詢使用。
以上是關(guān)于 MySQL 構(gòu)造月份完整數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)慢的分析和解決方案。